氯化钾样品中含有少量碳酸钾、硫酸钾和不溶于水的杂质,为了提纯氯化钾

2025年04月09日 04:26
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氯化钾样品中含有少量碳酸钾、硫酸钾和不溶于水的杂质.为了提纯氯化钾,先将样品溶于适量水中,充分搅拌后过滤,再将滤液按下图所示步骤进行操作.

回答下列问题:

(1)检验滤液中的SO42-的方法是_____________.
(2)试剂I的化学式为__________,加入试剂I后,①对应的实验操作是_____________,①中发生反应的离子方程式为_______________________.
(3)试剂Ⅱ的化学式为____________,②中加入试剂Ⅱ的目的是______________.
(4)试剂Ⅲ的名称是___________,③中发生反应的离子方程式为________________________.
(5)某同学称取提纯的产品0.745g,溶解后定容在100mL容量瓶中,每次取25.00mL溶液,与0.1000mol•L-1的硝酸银标准溶液反应,三次反应消耗硝酸银标准溶液的平均体积为23.50mL,该产品的纯度为__________.

(6)起始滤液的pH_________7(填“大于”、“小于”或“等于”)原因是____________________________________。

(7)(5)某同学称取提纯的产品0.7759g,溶解后定定容在100mL容量瓶中,每次取25.00mL溶液,用0.1000mol·L-1的硝酸银标准溶液滴定,三次滴定消耗标准溶液的平均体积为25.62mL,该产品的纯度为_____________。


解:(1)首先在试液中加入盐酸酸化,再加入BaCl2溶液,若有BaSO4白色沉淀产生,则证明有SO42-,反之则无,故答案为:取少量滤液于试管中,向其中加入盐酸酸化的BaCl2溶液,若有白色沉淀生成,则有SO42-,反之则无;
(2)要除掉杂质离子硫酸根和碳酸根,应加入过量的氯化钡溶液,碳酸根和硫酸根生成不溶于水的钡盐,同时生成氯化钾,离子方程式为:SO42-+Ba2+=BaSO4↓,CO32-+Ba2+=BaCO3↓,
故答案为:BaCl2;过滤;Ba2++SO42-=BaSO4↓,Ba2++CO32-=BaCO3↓;
(3)要除掉多余的钡离子,要加入碳酸钾,碳酸钾和氯化钡反应生成碳酸钡沉淀同时生成氯化钾,离子方程式为
CO32-+Ba2+=BaCO3↓,故答案为:K2CO3;除去多余的Ba2+;
(4)要除掉多余的碳酸根,要滴加适量的盐酸,碳酸根离子和盐酸反应生成二氧化碳和水,离子方程式为CO32-+2H+=CO2↑+H2O,故答案为:盐酸;2H++CO32-=H2O+CO2↑;
(5)设25mL氯化钾溶液中氯化钾的物质的量为nmol.
KCl+AgNO3=AgCl+KNO3
1mol 1mol
nmol 0.1000mol•L-1×0.02350L
n=0.002350mol
100mL溶液中含有氯化钾的物质的量=0.002350mol×4=0.0094mol
100mL溶液中含有氯化钾的质量=0.0094mol×74.5g/mol=0.7003g
质量分数=×100%=94%,故答案为:94%.

(6)起始液含有的物质有氯化钾、碳酸钾、硫酸钾,而碳酸钾为强加弱酸盐,会发生水解,故溶液呈碱性。           故答案为:大于    碳酸根会发生水解,使溶液显碱性

(7)Ag++Cl=AgCl
,Ag+的浓度为 0.02562L×0.1mol·L-1=2.562×10-3mol,故Cl-的浓度为 2.562×10-3mol,故0.7759g样品中KCl的质量为
2.562×10-3mol×4×74.55g/mol=0.764g
故纯度为0.764÷0.7759×100%=98.4%

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