a regulative hand 是stability的同位语,即指stability
2. 补偿性错开的起跑线
3.“Reform”(主语) in America has been sterile [because it can imagine no change except through the extension of this metaphor of a race, wider inclusion of competitors, “a piece of the action”, as it were, for the disenfranchised][because原因状语从句].
这句话大概在说在美国的所谓改革不见成效,因为改了半天也没啥变化,除非通过以下几种方式改革。然后就说了3种方式。这3种方式就是并列的3个分句,是由except through引导的。然而这个except through又居然被省略了两次。can imagine no change就是cannot imagine change,无法想象出会有什么变化。extension of this metaphor of a race是扩大这个在比喻意义上的竞赛的规模,as it were是仿佛好像,表示前面的部分是个类比。disenfranchised是没有发言权的,被剥夺了权利的意思。