"黄花大闺女"的来历
为什么讲"黄花大闺女"呢?哪位达人知道?
有3个网友回答
在我国民间,人们经常把未出嫁的少女称为“黄花闺女”(或“黄花女”、“黄花幼女”),这是为什么呢?
关于“黄花闺女”一词的由来,民间广泛流传着这样一种说法:南朝某年农历正月初七这天的下午,宋武帝刘裕的女儿寿阳公主与宫女们在宫廷里嬉戏。过了一会儿,寿阳公主感到有些累了,便躺卧在含章殿的檐下小憩。这时恰好有一阵微风吹来,将腊梅花吹得纷
纷落下,其中有几朵碰巧落到了寿阳公主的额头上,经汗水渍染后,在公主的前额上留下了腊梅花样的淡淡花痕,拂拭不去,使寿阳公主显得更加娇柔妩媚。皇后见了,十分喜欢,特意让寿阳公主保留着它,三天后才将其用水洗掉。此后,爱美的寿阳公主便时常摘几片腊梅花,粘贴在自己前额上,以助美观。宫女们见了,个个称奇,并跟着仿效起来。不久,这种被人们称为“梅花妆”(或简称“梅妆”)的妆饰方式便在宫中流传开来(事见宋代李
等撰《太平御览》卷三十《时序部·十五·人日》引《杂五行书》:“宋武帝女寿阳公主人日卧于含章殿檐下,梅花落公主额上,成五出花,拂之不去。皇后留之,看得几时,经三日,洗之乃落。宫女奇其异,竟效之,今梅花妆是也。”)。后来,“梅花妆”又进一步流传到民间,并受到了女孩子们的喜爱,特别是那些官宦大户人家的女孩子以及歌伎舞女们,更是争相仿效。
可是,腊梅花的开放是有季节性的,并不是一年四季都有。于是,有人便想出了一个办法,那就是设法采集花朵的黄色花粉,将其做成黄色的粉料,再用其将薄纸片、干花片、云母片、蝉翼、鱼鳞、蜻蜒翅膀等染成金黄色,剪成各种花、鸟、鱼的形状,然后将其粘贴于额头、酒靥、嘴角、鬓边等处。这些用黄色花粉染制而成的饰物被人们称为“花黄”(亦称“花钿”、“花子”)。在南北朝时期,花黄是少女们一种必不可少的脸部饰物,这从当时的一些诗歌作品中可以得到印证,如:南朝陈后主《采莲曲》一诗中有句云:“相催暗中起,妆前日已光。随宜巧注口,薄落点花黄”;南朝梁陈间诗人徐陵《奉和咏舞诗》一诗中亦有句云:“主家能教舞,城中巧画妆。低鬟向绮席,举袖拂花黄”;大家熟知的北朝民歌《木兰辞》中也有诗句曰:“当窗理云鬓,对镜贴花黄”。
因为花黄(即“梅花妆”)的饰粉是黄色的,而采用这种妆饰的又都是未出阁的少女(少女出嫁以后就要改变装饰,另作一番打扮,故古代民间有俗谚云:“今朝白面黄花姐,明日红颜绿鬓妻”),再加上“黄花”在古代又代指菊花,而菊花又具有傲霜耐寒的特性,常被人们用来比喻人品性的高洁。所以,后来就有人把“花黄”两字颠倒,用在“闺女”一词前面,构成“黄花闺女”一词,一方面表示少女还没有结婚,另一方面也表示少女心灵纯洁、品性贞洁。后来,这一用法逐渐在民间流传开来,久而久之,“黄花闺女”也就成了未婚少女的代名词了。
1.闺女为什么要叫黄花闺女?
“黄花闺女”一词源于南京
“黄花闺女”一词,普天下几乎人人皆懂。殊不知,其由来都是出自于金陵。
南北朝刘宋时,宋武帝有位女儿寿阳公主,生得十分美貌。有一天,她在宫里玩累了,便躺卧于宫殿的檐下,当时正逢梅花盛开,一阵风过去,梅花片片飞落,有几瓣梅花恰巧掉在她的额头。梅花渍染,留下斑斑花痕,寿阳公主被衬得更加娇柔妩媚,宫女们见状,都忍不住惊呼起来。从此,爱美的寿阳公主就常将梅花贴在前额。
寿阳公主这种打扮被人称为“梅花妆”。传到民间,许多富家大户的女儿都争着效仿。但梅花是有季节性的,于是有人想出了法子,设法采集其他黄色的花粉制成粉料,用以化妆。这种粉料,人们便叫做“花黄”或“额花”。由于梅花妆的粉料是黄色的,加之采用这种妆饰的都是没有出阁的女子,慢慢地,“黄花闺女”一词便成了未婚少女的专有称谓了。
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以上的说法是民间传说,贴花黄之风俗比刘宋时期早,北朝民歌 〈木兰诗〉中就有对镜贴花黄一句,而北朝的建立是早于刘宋的,北魏一个普通民间女子早已贴花黄,可见这一风俗可能在东晋之前就有了。
民间常把年轻姑娘称为“黄花闺女”。这个名称是怎么来的呢?
原来,古时未婚女子在梳妆打扮时,喜爱“贴黄花”,就是妇女们根据自己的爱好,用黄颜色在额上或脸部脸两颊上画成各种花纹;也有用黄纸剪成各种花样贴上的。同时,“黄花”又指菊花。因菊花能傲霜耐寒,常用来比喻人有节操。所以,在闺女前面加上“黄花”二字,就说明这个女子还没有结婚,而能保持贞节。
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