24题第一问为什么不能用动能定理?

2025年04月04日 14:48
有1个网友回答
网友(1):

第1问当然可以使用动能定理,但是你要注意,初速度v1=10m/s,末速度v2=5m/s都是对地的速度,所以合力做功W=Fs,这个s是对地的位移,不是相对位移.而Q是fs相,那也就意味著,如果以地面为参考系的话,摩擦力做功就不等於内能.
以地面为参考系,摩擦力做功W>Q,多出来的能量去哪里了呢?你要知道,物体在传送带表面运动时,会给传送带向右的摩擦力,那麼传送带就要向右加速.然而传送带保持了匀速运动的状态,说明还有一个力阻止了传送带的加速,即还有一个力与摩擦力f抵消掉了,这个力就是传送带电动机给的阻力.所以说,以地面为参考系时,摩擦力做功不仅仅是Q,剩馀部分用来抵消电动机的阻力了.然而题目没有告诉你电动机这边做了多少功,那你自然无法以地面为参考系来研究,而是变换参考系,以传送带为参考系使用动能定理.
以传送带为参考系,那麼v1=5m/s,v2=0,动能的减少就是fs相,即只有Q

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