酸碱中和滴定的实验操作

2025年04月07日 02:09
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利用已知浓度的酸(或碱),通过滴定来测定未知浓度的碱(或酸)。进行中和滴定时,酸、碱的浓度一般都用摩尔浓度表示。中和滴定的操作步骤是:(1)做好滴定前的准备工作①洗净滴定管;②检查滴定管是否漏水;③往滴定管里装标准溶液,将液面调至“0”刻度。(2)滴定。以已知浓度的盐酸测定氢氧化钠浴液浓度为例。①用移液管量取25毫升待测氢氧化钠溶液放入锥形瓶里,滴入几滴甲基橙指示剂。振荡锥形瓶使溶液充分混合,这时溶液呈黄色。②把锥形瓶放在酸式滴定管的下面,瓶下垫一白瓷板或一张白纸。右手拿住锥形瓶,左手小心地旋转酸滴定管的旋塞使酸滴下,边滴边摇动锥形瓶(向一个方向作圆周转动),直到加入一滴酸后溶液颜色从黄色变为橙色,静置半分钟颜色不再变化,这就表示已到达滴定终点。③读取滴定管液面所在刻度的数值,记录。④将锥形瓶里的溶液倒掉,用自来水冲洗干净最后用蒸馏水淋洗一次。按上述滴定方法重复两次,记录每次滴定所用酸液的体积数。⑤求出三次滴定数据的平均值,用以计算待测氢氧化钠溶液的摩尔浓度。如果是用已知浓度的氢氧化钠溶液测定盐酸的浓度,要先用移液管量取盐酸放入锥形瓶里,加入2滴酚酞指示剂。把氢氧化钠溶液注入碱式滴定管里进行滴定。滴定三次后用平均值计算出盐酸的摩尔浓度。

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