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培育壮胎是前提
母羊怀孕5个月中,前3个月胎儿发育较慢,饲养上以放牧为主,怀孕后两个月,胎儿生长速度加快,在放牧基础上,每天补混合精料0.5公斤、干草1公斤、青草1公斤、胡萝卜0.5公斤、石粉10克、食盐10克,以保证营养供给。不喂发霉变质草料,不饮冰水,防拥挤、滑跌、顶撞,保持圈舍清洁干燥通风。在分娩前1个月前,饲养人员每天按摩母羊乳头10分钟,直到分娩前4周停止,以促进乳腺发育,使其有充足的奶水为羔羊提供营养物质,培育出壮胎。
2、做好接产是基础
母羊怀孕近5个月时,将有分娩征兆的母羊赶入铺有干净垫草、已经消毒的分娩栏内待产,并对母羊外阴、后臀、下腹先用温水擦洗干净,再用毛巾浸满0.1%高锰酸钾溶液擦洗消毒。助产员用1%来苏尔溶液消毒手臂,戴上长臂乳胶手套,观察母羊分娩进程,检查胎位是否正常。当发现胎位不正时,先将胎儿露出部分推回子宫,将母羊后躯抬高,手臂涂润滑油,伸入产道矫正胎位,随母羊努责拉出胎儿;胎儿过大时,可将两前肢反复拉出送入,乘势缓慢拉出。如产道干涩,可涂医用凡士林或甘油润滑,再实施牵引助产,避免生产过程中造成不必要的损失。
3、搞好护理是关键
羔羊出生后,迅速用干净毛巾将口鼻耳中黏液擦干,距腹部4厘米处剪断脐带,用5%碘酒对脐带断端按压或浸泡消毒,半小时内让羔羊吃上初乳,保持护仔栏内温度在20℃以上,当母羊奶水不足或产羔数多时,采用近期生产母羊代养或人工喂养。人工饲喂时,6天以内的代初乳,用常用乳750毫升、食盐10克、新鲜鱼肝油15克、鸡蛋2枚充分震荡后,加热至40℃,每次喂半小时;7~40天常乳,用69%脱脂奶粉、24.5%动物脂肪、5.3%乳糖、1.2%二价磷酸三钙,每公斤人工乳加35毫克四环素,每公斤乳粉可兑7.5公斤干净水。喂量为羔羊体重的2%,奶温保证在40℃,每天喂奶4~6次。对发生窒息假死的羔羊,可将其两后肢提起,头向下,轻拍胸部,倒出胎液,然后迅速放入产仔栏使其恢复知觉,必要时注射尼可刹米1毫升,促进呼吸;对已停止呼吸者,可脐动脉缓慢注射10%氯化钙溶液2毫升进行紧急处理,以提高初生羔羊的成活率。
4、强化管理是保障
母羊生产20天后,泌乳量逐渐下降,因此羔羊在7日龄开始用大羊反刍液或吃过的草饲喂,以建立瘤胃菌群,并饲喂易消化的优质青干草,促进其胃肠蠕动;10日龄时,应增加饲喂易消化的配合饲料,其配方为30%炒黄豆,
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