特蕾莎修女的英文简介

Mother Teresa: A Biography
特蕾莎修女传

In this new biography, students will follow Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu from her humble Albanian birth to worldwide celebrity as Mother Teresa. The nun who attended to the dying and diseased in Calcutta, India, and established her Missionaries of Charity around the world is revealed to have a singular determination from a young age. As a woman in the patriarchal Catholic system, she had to prove to the hierarchy, even the Vatican, that she was capable of handling each project she proposed. Her vision to live and work among the "poorest of the poor" as one of them led to the founding of a new order that tended to society's outcasts. The narrative chronicles the expansion and success of the order and the eventual attention that was showered on her efforts. This increasing attention led to scrutiny and criticism of ideology, methods of care, and financing. Why did she reject better medical equipment for her patients yet receive the latest treatment and best care when she herself was ailing? Why did she take money from and try to help Charles Keating, a major player in the savings and loan scandal of the 1980s? The accusation of hypocrisy, among others, are discussed as is her controversial beatification. Readers will be challenged to consider for themselves whether Mother Teresa deserves to be sainted. Mother Teresa is characterized as being ordinary and her life as mundane. The biography suggests that she transcended her ordinariness with a singular belief that she was called to life's work. When this work brought fame, which she never sought, she used it to further her causes. In a global age, celebrity worship allowed her to work the system. She became an icon of service and selflessness, but her human flaws remained behind the saintliness.

“怀大爱心，做小事情” －－《特蕾莎传》
她创建的组织有四亿多的资产，世界上最有钱的公司都乐意捐款给她；她的手下有七千多名正式成员，还有数不清的追随者和义务工作者分布在一百多个国家；她认识众多的总统、国王、传媒巨头和企业巨子，并受到他们的仰慕和爱戴……可是，她住的地方，唯一的电器是一部电话；她穿的衣服，一共只有三套，而且自己洗换；她只穿凉鞋没有袜子……她把一切都献给了穷人、病人、孤儿、孤独者、无家可归者和垂死临终者；她从12岁起，直到87岁去世，从来不为自己、而只为受苦受难的人活着……在这个世界上，古往今来有不少富豪，对穷苦人慷慨解囊，有不少慈善家，开办了不少孤儿院养老院……然而，她不是富豪，因为她没有留给自己一分钱，甚至她不去挣钱，不去募款；她也不是一般的慈善家，因为她的目的，不是仅仅为穷人和鳏寡孤独者提供衣食住处，不是仅仅为病人和遭灾遭难者提供医疗服务，而是要在这一切之中，这一切之外，给这些人带去爱心，让他们感到自己有尊严、感到自己被人爱！为此，她愿意向这些人下跪；她立志要服侍穷人，所以先变成了穷人；她放弃了安适的修女和教师生活，穿上穷人的衣服，一头扎进贫民窟、难民营和各种各样的传染病人之中，五十年如一日；她的追随者们为了让服侍的对象觉得有尊严，也仿效她的榜样，过着穷人的生活，以便成为穷人的朋友。这种远远超过一般慈善事业的宗旨，体现在她的这句话中："除了贫穷和饥饿，世界上最大的问题是孤独和冷漠……孤独也是一种饥饿，是期待温暖爱心的饥饿。"所以，她的一生，用她自己的话来说，是"怀大爱心，做小事情"。她，就是被称为"贫民窟的圣人"的特蕾莎（亦译德肋撒或特雷莎修女）。她也被世人亲切地称为"特蕾莎嬷嬷"。1979年，诺贝尔委员会从包括促成埃以和谈的美国总统卡特在内的56位候选人中，选出了她，把诺贝尔和平奖这项殊荣授予了这位除了爱一无所有的修女。授奖公报说："她的事业有一个重要的特点：尊重人的个性、尊重人的天赋价值。那些最孤独的人、处境最悲惨的人，得到了她真诚的关怀和照料。这种情操发自她对人的尊重，完全没有居高施舍的姿态。"公报还说："她个人成功地弥合了富国与穷国之间的鸿沟，她以尊重人类尊严的观念在两者之间建设了一座桥梁。"

她的答辞是："这项荣誉，我个人不配领受，今天，我来接受这项奖金，是代表世界上的穷人、病人和孤独的人。"所以，把这笔巨额奖金全部用来为穷人和受苦受难的人们办事，这对她来说是最最自然不过的事情。一向克己的她还向诺贝尔委员会请求取消照例要举行的授奖宴会。诺贝尔委员会当然答应了这一请求，并且把省下来的7100美元赠予了她领导的仁爱修会。与此同时，瑞典全国掀起了向仁爱会捐款的热潮。自此以后，她的事业得到了全世界越来越多的支持。

从"印度伟大女儿奖"到美国总统自由勋章，从卡内基奖到史怀泽奖，全世界至少有八十多个国家的元首、首脑、政府和各大领域的机构以及各个方面的国际组织，都向她颁发过崇高的荣誉和奖项。她的态度从以下两例可见一斑：1964年，罗马教皇赠给她一辆白色林肯牌轿车，她将车作为抽彩义卖奖品，用所得款项建了一座麻风病医院；1992年，美国哥伦布骑士团将"喜乐与希望"奖牌授予她，获奖后她立即打听在哪里可以出售奖牌，以便将出售所得和奖金一起交给修女会，和于救助穷人的事业。

特蕾莎1910年生于南斯拉夫境内的一个阿尔巴尼亚族农家，本名阿格尼丝。她的家乡位于现在脱离南联盟独立的马其顿首都斯科普里，那一带至今还为贫穷、混乱和民族矛盾所困扰，她小小年纪就开始思索人生，12岁时感悟到自己的天职是帮助穷人，这决定了她被称为"活圣人"的一生。17岁时，她发了初愿，到爱尔兰的劳莱德修女院学习，随后到印度大吉岭受训，27岁时发终身愿成为修女。结业后在加尔各答修会办的圣马利亚女校教授地理和历史。加尔各答的贫民窟又多又脏，在世界大城市中是出了名的，以至被印度总理尼赫鲁称为"恶梦之城"，特蕾莎所住的修院就位于其中最贫穷最肮脏的地区。在这位在女子学校和修院高墙内过着优雅的欧式生活的欧洲女子看来，周围那个凄惨破败、可怕肮脏的环境，那些瘦骨嶙峋、皮肤黝黑、衣不蔽体、臭气薰人的乞丐、孤儿、老弱、病人和穷汉，不但是不应逃避的，而且是不能漠视的；不但是不能漠视的，而且是必须帮助的；不但是必须帮助的，而且是值得去爱的！于是，出于对受苦受难者的爱，出于帮助他们的愿望，她退出了劳莱德修会，成立了一个专门无偿地服侍受苦人的修会，即"仁爱传教会"。她身无分文，只有两名志同道合的修女作帮手，先是到一个美国医护修女会学习医疗护理，然后向加尔各答市政府申请到一间旧神庙中的两个房间，收治被遗弃的危重病人，给予细心的护理，让孤苦的濒死者在修女们的爱抚中得到临终的关怀，最后还按死者自己的宗教信仰和风俗习惯办理后事。这是仁爱传教会创办的第一个机构，被称为"纯洁之心"。随后，她又设立了一所露天学校，收容失学儿童和流浪孤儿，一面给予教育，一面为他们寻找愿意收养的人家。不久之后，她又开始关注麻风病人的境况，这种已可治愈的疾病被人们视为瘟疫，致使病人被周围的人遗弃，心灵的痛远胜于身体的病痛。

特蕾莎为此开办了许多麻风病人收容诊疗中心，多年后竟使孟加拉大城市吉大港的麻风病汉愈率达到了百分之百。当艾滋病开始被人们视为新瘟疫，一般人对病人避之唯恐不及的时候，特蕾莎又奔走于欧美各国，设立了多家艾滋病患者收容所，在医生治疗的同时，她和她的修女们则给予护理。在所有这些事情中，特蕾莎不仅仅表现了罕见的组织才能，更重要的是表现了本真的爱心。她细心地从腐烂的伤口捡出蛆虫、亲切的抚摸麻风病人的残肢……所有这些深深地感动了全世界的人们。靠着这种爱心，也仅仅靠着这种爱心，她赢得了成千上万的追随者，在世界上一百多个国家建立了近千个类似的机构，把食物、衣服、住房、药品、医护、教育……送到了千百万穷人、孤儿、灾民、病人和被遗弃者的身边，使他们感到有人在爱着他们。在这些事情中，特蕾莎和她的追随者的爱心已达到自我牺牲的程度，否则我们就不会看到，越是人们的自私自爱之心阻挡人们前往的地方，他们越是要去：大城市里的贫民窟，荒凉贫瘠的高寒山区，饥荒和瘟设流行的穷国，随时有生命危险的震区和战区……为了这些，有时她甚至得冒险犯难去克服一些政治上的障碍，例如，为了帮助海湾战后的伊拉克人民，她曾同一位神父两位修女前往巴格达；为了到切尔诺贝利核污染地区帮助受害者，她曾到当时禁止宗教团体办慈善事业的苏联去提出建立工作站的愿望，并终于在两年后得到批准……特蕾莎也曾经上法庭打官司。1984年，她同一个名叫"赞助特蕾莎修女基金会"的组织对簿公堂，目的是要向全世界宣告：她反对任何人以她的名义募捐筹款；她希望人们不要关注她而只关注她要去帮助的那些人。确实，她散布在世界各地的慈善事业及其资产，都来自她个人的奉献和人们自愿捐献。她要求手下的人只为受苦的人们服务，绝不要操心金钱的问题，因为，要让人感到被爱，需要的只是充满爱心的行动，其余的事听凭上主的安排。她经常对手下的人说："你们不必注重成果数字。凡是有益于穷人和被弃者们的爱的行动，不管怎样微小，在耶稣看来都是重要的。"1969年，被这种精神感动的人们成立了"特蕾莎嬷嬷合作者国际协会"（International Association of Co-workers of Mother Teresa）,现有会员数十万人。这个组织不要求会员缴会费，也不筹集资金，只是通过"祈祷、克己和为穷苦人服务"来支持仁爱传教会的工作，被称为"世界上最无组织的组织"。

特蕾莎从少年立志到弥留之际，几十年如一日奔波操劳，身患重病时依然毫不停歇，只是为了世界上最底层、最悲惨的穷苦人们。所以，在另一位以慈爱之心感动千百万人的妇女，英国王妃戴安娜的葬礼正吸引世人目光的时候，特蕾莎去世的噩耗传来，引起了全世界更大的震动：在印度，成千上万的普通上冒着倾盆大雨走上街头，悼念他们敬爱的"特蕾莎嬷嬷"，政府宣布为她举行国葬，全国哀悼两天，总统为此宣布取消官方活动，总理亲往加尔各答敬献花圈、发表吊唁演说；从新加坡到英国，从新西兰到美国，各国元首和政府首脑纷纷发表讲话，为这位"仁慈天使"的逝世感到悲痛；联合国都教科文组织专门发表声明向她致敬，罗马教廷专门举行弥撒为她追思；菲律宾红衣主教梅辛称她为"代表和平、代表牺牲、代表欢乐"的象征，甚至印度最大的清真寺的伊斯兰教长布哈里也说，她是一位"永生的伟大的圣人"！

特蕾莎修女，（Mother Teresa of Calcutta），1910年8月27日—1997年9月5日，又称作德兰修女、特里莎修女、泰瑞莎修女），是世界著名的天主教慈善工作者，主要替印度加尔各答的穷人服务。因其一生致力于解除贫困，而于1979年得到诺贝尔和平奖。并被教皇约翰·保罗二世在2003年10月列入了天主教宣福名单Beatification，特蕾莎修女的名称也变为真福特雷莎修女（Blessed Teresa）

Mother Teresa (August 26, 1910 – September 5, 1997), born Agnesë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu (IPA: [/agnɛs gɔnˈʤa bɔˈjadʒju/]), was an Albanian Roman Catholic nun with Indian citizenship who founded the Missionaries of Charity in Kolkata (Calcutta), India in 1950. For over 45 years she ministered to the poor, sick, orphaned, and dying, while guiding the Missionaries of Charity's expansion, first throughout India and then in other countries.
By the 1970s she was internationally famed as a humanitarian and advocate for the poor and helpless, due in part to a documentary, and book, Something Beautiful for God by Malcolm Muggeridge. She won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 and India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, in 1980 for her humanitarian work. Mother Teresa's Missionaries of Charity continued to expand, and at the time of her death it was operating 610 missions in 123 countries, including hospices and homes for people with HIV/AIDS, leprosy and tuberculosis, soup kitchens, children's and family counseling programs, orphanages, and schools.
She has been praised by many individuals, governments and organizations; however, she has also faced a diverse range of criticism. These include objections by various individuals, including Christopher Hitchens, Michael Parenti, Aroup Chatterjee, Vishva Hindu Parishad, against the proselytizing focus of her work; this included baptisms of the dying, a strong anti-abortion stance, and a belief in the spiritual goodness of poverty. Several medical journals also criticised the standard of medical care in her hospices and concerns were raised about the opaque nature in which donated money was spent.
Following her death she was beatified by Pope John Paul II and given the title Blessed Teresa of Calcutta.

Mother Teresa (August 26, 1910 – September 5, 1997), born Agnesë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu (IPA: [/agnɛs gɔnˈʤa bɔˈjadʒju/]), was an Albanian Roman Catholic nun with Indian citizenship who founded the Missionaries of Charity in Kolkata (Calcutta), India in 1950. For over 45 years she ministered to the poor, sick, orphaned, and dying, while guiding the Missionaries of Charity's expansion, first throughout India and then in other countries.

By the 1970s she was internationally famed as a humanitarian and advocate for the poor and helpless, due in part to a documentary, and book, Something Beautiful for God by Malcolm Muggeridge. She won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 and India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, in 1980 for her humanitarian work. Mother Teresa's Missionaries of Charity continued to expand, and at the time of her death it was operating 610 missions in 123 countries, including hospices and homes for people with HIV/AIDS, leprosy and tuberculosis, soup kitchens, children's and family counseling programs, orphanages, and schools.

She has been praised by many individuals, governments and organizations; however, she has also faced a diverse range of criticism. These include objections by various individuals, including Christopher Hitchens, Michael Parenti, Aroup Chatterjee, Vishva Hindu Parishad, against the proselytizing focus of her work; this included baptisms of the dying, a strong anti-abortion stance, and a belief in the spiritual goodness of poverty. Several medical journals also criticised the standard of medical care in her hospices and concerns were raised about the opaque nature in which donated money was spent.

Following her death she was beatified by Pope John Paul II and given the title Blessed Teresa of Calcutta.

Mother Teresa (August 26, 1910 – September 5, 1997), born Agnesë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu (IPA: [/agnɛs gɔnˈʤa bɔˈjadʒju/]), was an Albanian Roman Catholic nun with Indian citizenship who founded the Missionaries of Charity in Kolkata (Calcutta), India in 1950. For over 45 years she ministered to the poor, sick, orphaned, and dying, while guiding the Missionaries of Charity's expansion, first throughout India and then in other countries.By the 1970s she was internationally famed as a humanitarian and advocate for the poor and helpless, due in part to a documentary, and book, Something Beautiful for God by Malcolm Muggeridge. She won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 and India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, in 1980 for her humanitarian work. Mother Teresa's Missionaries of Charity continued to expand, and at the time of her death it was operating 610 missions in 123 countries, including hospices and homes for people with HIV/AIDS, leprosy and tuberculosis, soup kitchens, children's and family counseling programs, orphanages, and schools.She has been praised by many individuals, governments and organizations; however, she has also faced a diverse range of criticism. These include objections by various individuals, including Christopher Hitchens, Michael Parenti, Aroup Chatterjee, Vishva Hindu Parishad, against the proselytizing focus of her work; this included baptisms of the dying, a strong anti-abortion stance, and a belief in the spiritual goodness of poverty. Several medical journals also criticised the standard of medical care in her hospices and concerns were raised about the opaque nature in which donated money was spent.Following her death she was beatified by Pope John Paul II and given the title Blessed Teresa of Calcutta.

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