在“探究小车速度随时间变化的规律”的实验中,(1)下列哪些器材是本实验必须的?______①打点计时器 ②

2025年04月07日 09:48
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(1)在探究小车速度随时间变化规律的实验中,具体的实验步骤为:
①木板平放,并使滑轮伸出桌面,把打点计时器固定,连接好电路,(此步骤所需器材带滑轮长木板、打点计时器、复写纸、导线)
②穿纸带;挂钩码,(此步骤所需器材纸带、钩码、细绳)
③先接通电源,然后放开小车,让小车拖着纸带运动,打完一条后立即关闭电源,(此步骤所需器材小车)
④换纸带,加钩码,再做二次.
⑤处理纸带,解出某位置的速度和运动过程的加速度.(在处理纸带时需要用刻度尺处理计数点之间的距离)
从以上步骤可以看出实验中没有用到天平和秒表和低压交流电源,所以需要的器材为①④⑤⑥⑦⑨.为了达到实验目的还需刻度尺测量距离,打点计时器需要低压交流电源.
(2)A、只要操作正规,不存在安全问题,而且使用电火花打点计时器阻力小,故A错误;
B、所打点要清晰而且在一条直线上,为了减小实验误差,可以每隔几个点作为一个记数点,故B正确;
C、为了提高纸带的利用率和使打点更稳定,实验操作中要求先启动打点计时器,后释放(或拉动)纸带,故C正确;
D、图象法处理数据更直观,给人一目了然感觉,故D正确.
故选:BCD.
(3)①相邻两计数点之间还有四个点未画出,则相邻两个计数点之间的时间为△t=0.1s,
②根据图1可知,计数点3跟0点的距离x3=5.40cm,
③利用匀变速直线运动的推论得:
v2=

x13
2△t
0.054?0.012
0.2
=0.21m/s,
v4
x35
2△t
0.120?0.054
0.2
=0.33m/s

④根据描点法,作出速度时间图象,如图所示:

图象的斜率表示加速度,则a=k=
0.33?0.21
0.2
=0.60m/s2

故答案为:(1)①④⑤⑥⑦⑨;刻度尺、低压交流电源;(2)BCD;(3)①0.1;②5.40;③0.31;0.33;④如图所示,0.60

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