哪位高手帮忙把下面这段话翻译成英文。

2024年11月18日 01:26
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网友(1):

Appropriate approach to cultural differences during business negotiation

The international business negotiation course generally covers 4 phases as: 1) exchanging greetings-something irrelative to business; 2) mutual communication about business; 3) attempts to convince the other party; 4) compromise and finalizing the agreement. Before the formal business negotiation begins, people typically hold a kind of anticipation for the course of business negotiation, which frequently has an influence on the controlling of negotiation procedure and selection of negotiation strategies. People’s anticipation differs from each other in view that negotiators of different cultures have different linguistic and non-linguistic behaviors, different concepts of value and different decision making thinking; thus different anticipation will make different the time and efforts negotiators spend in each phase.

(1) Exchanging greetings-here it refers to all activities irrelative to “business negotiation”, which both parties take to establish relationship or make acquaintance with each other for the purpose of learning about customers’ background and interests so as to give important clues to select appropriate methods for the following communication. As far as American and Chinese cultural differences are concerned, American culture emphasizes the separation of business from persons. What they’re interested in is primarily the factual concern. So American businessmen spend less time talking about something unconcerned or knowing about foreign opponents; instead, they will quickly get down into business communication. Americans would talk at the table about topics like weather, family, physics, politics etc. though they do so just out of friendship or politeness. Usually after 5 or 6 minutes, they will come to next phase. On contrary, in Chinese culture which stresses the mutual relationship, Chinese businessmen would invest a lot of time and money attempting to establish comfortable personal relationship and then get to the point.

Exchanging business information

Information communication in the international business negotiation usually represents incomplete characteristics as follows:

The first is information misunderstanding as a result of different languages and behaviors. Common people can understand only 80-90% speaker’s content of the same cultural background, meaning 10-20% content was misunderstood or misheard. Imaginably, when someone is saying in the second language, the percentage of misunderstanding or being misheard would be soaring up. The whole conversation will be entirely misunderstood when the second language is quite limited. The cultural difference on behaviors often appears to be comparatively unobvious and hard to be sensed. When foreign negotiators send out different non-linguistic signals, the counter-party of different cultural background will misunderstand them and won’t realize mistakes they’re making.

The second is information asymmetry derived from different non-linguistic communication skills. Sometimes in order to collect information from the counter-party, negotiators will adopt un-directional negotiation strategies, i.e. letting counter-party provide information. Information asymmetry comes into existence when there’re different communication skills objectively in different cultures such as differences on silent-keeping interval, frequency of get-in-a-word and staring-at time; in particular when the difference becomes rather noticeable. It’s not difficult to find from the comparison between Chinese and French cultures less frequency of Chinese staring-at and interruption appears in the communication skills but longer time of keeping silence, while French negotiators seem to be less silent, who will make up the time when its counter-party is silent.

The third is asymmetric feedback speed and content of information due to the difference concepts of value. On one hand, people of different cultures have different ways to use time: single time or multiple time. Single time features with “special, specific and speed”, found from North Americans, Swiss, Germans and Scandinavians. Multiple time stresses multiple usage of a time, which can be discovered in Mid-Eastern and Latin-American cultures. Under the way of multiple time usage, people have relaxing schedule, light punctuality and late concept, as well as the expected postponed time of information feedback. On the other hand, different cultures show different types of buyer-seller relationship i.e. vertical and horizontal relationship. The former appears to be implicit and face-saving, while the latter relies on the buyer’s credits with focus on candor and true words from the heart.

网友(2):

1 and negotiations: correct dealing with cultural differences
International business negotiation course includes four stages: one is to greet, about some of the topics and irrelevant, Second is the exchange of information and work, Three is to persuade, 4 and finally reached an agreement made concessions. Before entering a formal business negotiation, people generally for business negotiation process is a kind of expectations. This often affect negotiations are expected in control and negotiation strategy selection. Because the negotiators from different cultures in verbal and nonverbal behavior, values and thinking, make decisions they hold is endless also and same, expectations and different expectations and will cause the negotiator in each stage of the negotiation takes time and energy differences.
(1) greeting
Here's to establish good relationship or greet one another with the negotiation and business ", "all activities irrelevant to understand customer, the purpose is the background and interest, thus to choose appropriate follow-up provide important clues to communicate. Cultural differences is beautiful, American culture "to distinguish between", and the main interest for substantive issues. Thus, in the American businessman, flowers and talk about the irrelevant or foreign rivals, but little time with work related information communication is more quickly. Americans will discuss some of the business negotiation with unrelated topics, such as the weather, family, sports, politics, but they do more for the friendly or polite, usually in five or six minutes later will enter the next stage. Instead of value in relationships in Chinese culture, but often at this stage spend a lot of time and cost to build comfortable, personal relationship, and then talk about business.
(2) exchange information
International business negotiations of information communication often present various incomplete characteristics.
One is the language differences and behavioral differences caused by the information understand error. Average person can understand the same speaker of the cultural background of the 80-90% of speech content - this fact means have 10-20% of the information being misunderstood or listen to the wrong. As you can imagine, when a person speaking a second language, misunderstanding or listen to the wrong percentage will rise sharply. And when the second language ability is limited, and even whole session may all be misunderstood. The cultural differences in behavior is often difficult to realize, concealed. When foreign negotiator produce different nonverbal signals with different cultural background, the negotiation rivals easily misunderstood these signals, but also realize the error occurred.
2 dispute between language communication skills of asymmetric information generated. Sometimes in order to collect information from the negotiation rivals,
Can adopt "one-way" negotiation strategy - provides information for foreign competitors. Due to the different cultural differences exist objectively and communication skills, such as silent, gazing word frequency and period of time difference. Especially when these differences are relatively obvious, information asymmetry is naturally produced. In comparison, the French, easy to find, Chinese communication skills in word and the lower frequency, but for a long time, and silence French negotiator seems unwilling lonely, often in silence to fill these silent when each time.
Three is caused by the difference of the value of information feedback speed and asymmetric content. On one hand, different cultures have different ways of using a single time or use: the use of time. A single time USES emphasize "only when special" and "speed", north americans, Swiss, Germany and Scandinavian has such characteristics. While many time using a multi-purpose "means", such as the Middle East and Latin America culture has such characteristics. In many ways, and make people relaxed under the weak, the time schedule and late concept and the expected information feedback delay. On the other hand, different cultures have different types of buyers and sellers ChuiZhiXing: horizontal and relationship. ChuiZhiXing buyer and seller relationship, and implicit and face to the buyer and seller horizontal relationship depends on the buyer's credit, pay attention to direct and speak truth.

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网友(3):

楼主:风落依然的也是机译的,请不要相信.

网友(4):

同上。
太长了,一看就害怕,我撤退了=。=

网友(5):

好多字啊