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period是指从一个时间节点到另外一个节点之间的一段时间，要具体一些，而time除了指抽象的“时间”之外，还表示抽象的“年代”“时代”“时期”等等，显然colonial是指“殖民”，那么后面的词加上之后的意思应该是“殖民时期”，现在，你明白了吗？
period 是代表一段时间 可能是a period of 100 years 意思就是说100年的时间
time 是代表一个固定的时间 a specific time 比如 what is the time now? 现在几点？ 意思就是我要的是一个准确的时间。
个人觉得应该选time，比如维多利亚时代，就用的time，
另外，period 在口语中有务必一定的意思，time 就没有
time
可指时间点，period
是指一段时期，一个阶段
The South as an idea, the South and its distinctiveness was very much there even in the Colonial Period.
南方作为一个概念,指南方地区以及其特点,早在殖民时期就已经存在
耶鲁公开课 - 美国内战与重建课程节选
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