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不建议高强度螺栓重复使用,如果实在觉得浪费可以降级使用。
在国内,对于螺栓能否重复使用问题:JG/T5057.40-1995《建设机械与设备 高强度紧固件技术条件》A7关于重复使用规定:“高强度螺栓、螺母,使用后拆卸下再次使用,一般不得超过两次。且拆下的螺栓、螺母必须无任何损伤、变形、滑牙、缺牙、锈蚀、螺纹粗糙度变化较大等现象。否则应禁止再用于受力构件的连接。”
高强度螺栓不得重复使用主要原因是由于高强度螺栓在使用过程中容易导致螺纹损坏和螺纹表面处理磨损,影响螺栓的扭矩系数(预拉力)和变异系数,从而影响螺栓的轴向拉力达不到标准值范围内.
高强度螺栓的紧固方法一般有扭矩法和转角法。高强度螺栓计算公式为M=k*d*F,所谓扭矩法即将扭矩系数k作为定值,通过控制拧紧扭矩M从而控制预紧力F。但是,一个拧紧的螺栓连接松开再拧紧时,因重复拧紧的摩擦表面被磨光导致摩擦系数下降(当然其他因素诸如锈蚀、温度等也可能造成变化),所以扭矩系数便下降。% y6 ~% d# N; c5 s; f* j: i1 W! ]因而,多次重复使用后,按照扭矩法即按照原来的扭矩进行拧紧会导致拧紧力过大,可能导致螺栓被拧断。但如果能精确掌握扭矩系数的变化值,相应调整扭矩的大小,那么精确控制也就合适,则重复使用就成为可能。但目前来说还是不太可能的。以转角法精确控制螺栓预紧力则是以引起超过弹性极限的螺栓轴力为前提的,这种情况下,重复使用高强度螺栓是不适当的,因为重复拧紧积累的塑性变形已使其不再有足够的变形能力可以来承受在初拆后额外施加的终拧,即其拧紧能力急剧下降了。
国外关于高强度螺栓不能重复使用的规范条文,如下:
1. 日本《建筑施工标准规范及条文解说》(Japanese Architectural Standard
Specification, JASS 6 Steel Work)1991
第6.5节 d. “一度使用过的高强度螺栓,不得再次使用。”
2. 美国《Manual of Steel Construction》1980,Part 5,Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A325 or A490 Bolts, 5. Installation
(f) Reuse
A490 bolts and galvanized A325 bolts shall not be reused. Other A325 bolts may be reused if approved by the engineer responsible.
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