霍尔系数和霍尔灵敏度的物理意义是什么?

2025年03月15日 06:42
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  1. 表示在单位磁感应强度和单位控制电流时的霍尔电势的大小。

  2. UH=RH*IC*B/d(1),式中RH称为霍尔系数,它的单位是米的三次方每库仑。

  3. 霍尔元件应用的基本原理是霍尔效应。霍尔效应是一种磁敏效应,一般在半导体薄片的长度X方向上施加磁感应强度为B的磁场,则在宽度Y方向上会产生电动势UH,这种现象即称为霍尔效应。UH称为霍尔电势,其大小可表示为:

    UH=RH*IC*B/d(1)

  4. 式中,RH称为霍尔系数,它的单位是米的三次方每库仑,由半导体材料的性质决定;d为半导体材料的厚度,IC 为电流,B为磁场强度

  5. 设RH/d=K,则式(1)可写为:

    UH=K*IC*B (2)

  6. 可见,霍尔电压与控制电流及磁感应强度的乘积成正比,K称为乘积灵敏度。K值越大,灵敏度就越高;元件厚度越小,输出电压也越大。

  7. 在式(2)中,若控制电流IC,为常数,磁感应强度B与被测电流成反比,就可以做成霍尔电流传感器;另外,若仍固定IC为常数,B与被测电压成正比,又可制成霍尔电压传感器。

  8. 霍尔效应是磁电效应的一种,这一现象是美国物理学家霍尔(A.H.Hall,1855-1938)于1879年在研究金属的导电机构时发现的。

  9. 当电流垂直于外磁场通过导体时,在导体的垂直于磁场和电流方向的两个端面之间会出现电势差,这一现象便是霍尔效应。这个电势差也被叫做霍尔电势差。

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