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天堂鸟,又名极乐鸟、太阳鸟、风鸟、雾鸟。据统计,全世界共有40余种天堂鸟,在巴布亚新几内亚就有30多种。其中,最出色的要数蓝天堂鸟、无足天堂鸟和大王天堂鸟。 蓝天堂鸟体态极为华美,中央尾羽延长若金色的丝线,生殖时节雄鸟或仰头拱背,竖起两肋蓬松而分披的金黄色饰羽;或脚攀树枝,全身倒悬,抖开如锦似缎般的羽毛,嘴里还不停地唱着爱情的甜言蜜语和山盟海誓,以招引对面的雌鸟女孩们看过来,看过来。 无足天堂鸟,并不是真的没有脚,只是脚短一些,飞行时藏在长长的羽毛里,人们看不到。它身材玲珑小巧,典雅俏丽,尾翼比身体长二、三倍,又称长尾天堂鸟。 大王天堂鸟身材不是最大,但禀性特异:其一,对爱情忠贞不渝,无论男女,一朝相恋,就终生相伴,也不打架,也不吵闹,就那么永远地互相关心着,互相爱护着,哪一天失去伴侣,另一只鸟绝对不会改嫁或另娶,而是绝食以死;其二,它们生性孤独,不愿和别的种群共栖一处,但是每当环境有变,它们却高高地飞在天上,充当迁徙队伍的引路者。 珍奇的天堂鸟,在南太平洋岛国巴布亚新几内亚远古的家乡,就为土著居民所尊崇珍爱。每当盛大节日庆典,土著居民们戴上用绚丽的天堂鸟羽毛制作的头饰,载歌载舞,多姿多彩,欢乐喜庆。 近代殖民地时代,天堂鸟声名传遍世界。人们将南部天空上的一簇星云,命名为“天堂鸟星座”;将原产于南美洲的长腿鹳花,称之为“天堂鸟花”。
天堂鸟,又名极乐鸟、太阳鸟、风鸟、雾鸟。据统计,全世界共有40余种天堂鸟,在巴布亚新几内亚就有30多种。其中,最出色的要数蓝天堂鸟、无足天堂鸟和大王天堂鸟。蓝天堂鸟体态极为华美,中央尾羽延长若金色的丝线,生殖时节雄鸟或仰头拱背,竖起两肋蓬松而分披的金黄色饰羽;或脚攀树枝,全身倒悬,抖开如锦似缎般的羽毛,嘴里还不停地唱着爱情的甜言蜜语和山盟海誓,以招引对面的雌鸟女孩们看过来,看过来。珍奇的天堂鸟,在南太平洋岛国巴布亚新几内亚远古的家乡,就为土著居民所尊崇珍爱。每当盛大节日庆典,土著居民们戴上用绚丽的天堂鸟羽毛制作的头饰,载歌载舞,多姿多彩,欢乐喜庆。近代殖民地时代,天堂鸟声名传遍世界。人们将南部天空上的一簇星云,命名为“天堂鸟星座”;当地又把原产于南美洲的长腿鹳花,称之为“天堂鸟花”。 天堂鸟,学名:Strelizia reginae,鹤望兰。又称极乐鸟花。科属:旅人蕉科鹤望兰属。原产于南非,我国各地均有栽培。鹤望兰叶大姿美,四季长青,花型奇特,是高档切花,象征快乐与自由。形态特征:多年草本植物。地下具有粗壮肉质根,无明显地上茎。叶片从极短的地上茎盘叠合状对生,两侧排列,有长柄,质地坚硬,中央有纵槽沟,叶片长椭圆形,长20~40厘米,宽8~5厘米,革质,侧生整齐平行叶脉。花序叶腋抽生,高出叶丛,花形奇特。花6~8朵排列成蝎尾状,亦有10朵以上的花枝。花序外有佛焰总苞片,长15~20厘米,绿色,边缘带紫红色。花大,两性,两侧对称;萼片3枚,披针形,橙黄色;花瓣3枚侧生,2枚靠合成舌,中央1枚小舟状,基部具耳状裂片,与萼片近等长,暗蓝色。整个花序好似仙鹤引颈遥望。性喜温暖,温润气候。最适生长温度保持在23~25℃,冬季不低于5℃,夏季可耐受40℃高温,但花芽发育期若高于27℃,会影响花芽生长甚至坏死。高温、强光下会造成灼伤。空气相对湿度宜维持在60%~70%。需土层深厚,富含有机质、疏松、肥沃而又排水良好,并且PH值在6.5~7.0的土壤。
天堂鸟原产非洲南部,当地人把它视为“自由、吉祥、幸福”的象征。18世纪英皇乔治二世所钟爱的皇后夏洛蒂因为喜欢这种花,认为它花形特别像鸟冠和鸟嘴,而她所出生的故乡原名又叫天堂鸟村,所以她就给这种花赐名叫天堂鸟。传入我国时,园艺专家觉得它更像伸颈远望的仙鹤,所以起名叫“鹤望兰”。
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