初三化学酸碱盐

2024年11月15日 00:28
有3个网友回答
网友(1):

我上课的教案看能否帮你五、教学设计(一)、酸、碱、盐的组成、命名、分类:(二)、熟练记忆规律是应用的前提:
酸碱盐部分虽然题型众多,如:鉴别、推断、除杂……,但是这些应用离不开最基础的知识点:即对酸碱盐化学性质的熟练记忆。通过学习可知:酸的通性有五点、碱和盐的通性各有四点。对于这些化学性质必须加以强化记忆和灵活记忆,可采用图表记忆法以及变式记忆法等。如:将酸碱盐的化学性质浓缩在此基础上,再做变式练习,增加对化学性质的多角度记忆(变式记忆法)。如:(1)生成盐和水的规律,一定是中和反应吗?(2)在酸碱盐的化学性质中,生成盐的规律有几条等。通过如上练习,即可起到加强知识的同化和异化的作用。 (三)、掌握“规矩”,可成“方圆”记忆住以上规律就可以熟练应用了吗?当然不能。在大量练习中同学们发现以上规律中有很多是有 “规矩” 有条件的。因此在记住规律的前提下,还要记住规律应用的条件,这样才能做到有的放矢的应用。比如:可根据不同反应类型来灵活记忆有关反应的条件。归纳如下:学会掌握使用两个表:1.金属活动顺序表:注意事项:(1).要能够熟悉掌握此表用于判断金属跟酸、金属跟盐是否能发生反应。(2).铁跟盐酸、稀硫酸等起置换反应时,生成亚铁盐。(3).金属跟硝酸起反应时,由于硝酸的氧化性很强,一般不生成氢气。且即使活动性排在氢后面的金属也能和硝酸发生氧化还原反应。(4).钾、钠等化学性质极为活拨的金属,跟盐溶液反应的情况较复杂。2.酸碱盐溶解性表:八个常见的沉淀:AgCl BaSO4 BaCO3 CaCO3 Mg(OH)2 Al(OH)3 Fe(OH)3 Cu(OH)2常见离子的检验:Cl- SO42- CO32- NH4+例如:写出下列物质中两两之间能发生反应的化学方程式。铁、氧化铁、烧碱溶液、稀硫酸、硫酸铜溶液、氯化钡溶液、二氧化碳(四)、抓重点题型,学会以点带面在复习中经常见到不少同学埋头于题海之中,耗时长收效甚微。酸碱盐部分的题型虽形式多样,但万变不离其宗。综合之下,可以说鉴别、除杂、推断这三类题型是很具代表性的,它们的正确理解和掌握,对于提高其他相关题型的应变能力,必将起到很好的辐射作用。下面结合相关例题简要归纳一下各自特点。 例一:分别选用一种试剂鉴别以下各组溶液:A NaOH、NaCl溶液、稀HCl ( )B Na2CO3、AgNO3溶液、KNO3溶液 ( )C K2CO3、BaCl2溶液、NaCl溶液 ( )D NaOH、Ca(OH)2溶液、稀HCl ( )E NH4NO3、(NH4)2SO4、Na2CO3、NaCl溶液 ( ) 例二:选用合适的方法除去下列物质中的少量杂质(1)除去生石灰中的碳酸钙 (2)除去氯化钾晶体中的碳酸钾(3)除去碳酸钙固体中的碳酸钠 (4)除去一氧化碳中的二氧化碳(5)除去氯化钠溶液中的硫酸铜 (6)除去Cu粉中的Fe粉 例三、有一固体混合物,可能含有K2CO3、K2SO4、CuSO4、CaCl2、KNO3等物质中的一种或几种,将混合物溶于水,得无色溶液,当滴入硝酸钡溶液时,有白色沉淀产生,再加足量的稀硝酸沉淀部分溶解,则该混合物中一定含有____________一定不含有_______________可能含有_____________.

网友(2):

同上上… 还有你都114了你还问..我日他奶奶类..告诉你..小朋友..你哪些题得速度不行阿..是基础得..还是推断得阿..多看看方程式and每个方程式得应用.常见得物质颜色要记住.常见得物质颜色我好像有一个这样得总结卷子.可以借你抄书上得

网友(3):

说清楚一点。好吗。

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