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1.表示时间的at、on、in的用法区别
at主要表示:
(1)在某具体时刻之前,如at seven o’ clock,at 7:30。
(2)在固定短语中,如:at noon,at night,at that time,at the age of at the weekend,at Christmas。
On用来表示“在……天”,如:On Monday,On May lst,On Children’s Day。
in用来表示:
(1)在某年、某月、某季节。
(2)在—段时间之后,如:in two hours,in a few days。
注意:在纯粹地表示在上午/下午/晚上时,用in the morning/afternoon/evening,但在某一天的上午、下午、晚上前要用介词on。如:on Monday morning,on the morning of Children’ s Day。
2. 表示地点的at,in,on的用法区别
(1) at通常指小地方,in一般指大地方。
(2) at 所指范围不太明确,in指“在……里”。
(3) in指在内部,on指“在……之上”。
3.表示“一段时间”的for与since的用法区别
for后面接时间段,since之后接时间点。
4.表示时间的before与by的用法区别
before与by都可表示“在……之前”,但by含有“不迟于……”、“到……为止”的意思。如果by后是将来的时间,则与将来时连用,若by后是过去的时间,则与过去完成时连用。
5.over与above(under与below)
over,above都表示“在……的上面”,over表示“正上方”,而above只表示“在上方”但不一定在“正上方”。above还可表示温度、水位等“高于”,over还可表示“越过……”。over的反义词是under,above的反义词是below.例如:
There is a bridge over the river
Our plane flew above the clouds.
6.表示“用”的with,by,in的用法
with多指用工具,用身体的部位或器官;by表示使用的方法、手段;in指使用某种语言。如:
We see with our eyes.
We go there by bike.
Please say it out in English.
He cut it open with a knife.
介词的省略
表示时间介词at, on, in 的省略
(1) 在 next, last, this, these, today, yesterday, tomorrow, one, every, each, all等词前,一般不用 at, in, on.
(2) 在某些名词词组前,可以省略(也可不省)如: (on) that day, (in)the year before last
常见搭配
1.动词+介词,如:
listen to, laugh at, write to, hear from, get to, look at, shout at, shout to, knock at, look for, look at, ask for, wait for, get on, get to, put on, turn on, operate on, take off, turn off, learn from, worry about ...
2.形容词+介词,如:
afraid of, full of, angry with, strict with, busy with, good at, good/bad for, late for, sorry for, ready for, famous for, polite to, far from...
3.名词+介词 / 介词+名词
key to, visit to, at home, in surprise, after class, for ever, on time, at last, at first, for example...
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