泡沫箱生产黑豆苗
上那学到怎么生产跑么箱生产黑豆苗
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黑豆有“药王”之称,用它生产的芽苗又叫“绿色大豆瓣菜”,有一定的药用价值。采用泡沫箱生产,并活体销售,比沙培箱生产省工省料、操作简单、周期短、质量好、产量高,并且在产出后可保鲜数天不腐烂变质,不萎蔫损耗。
一、工具和生产场所的要求
1.泡沫箱:泡沫箱的规格一般为长56×宽40×高17(单位:厘米),重量约250克。 日产10箱豆瓣菜,约需110个箱(含周转用箱)。
2.场所要求:生产黑豆苗,可利用闲置的房屋、封闭的阳台或冬暖式大棚。温度要求18-25℃,相对湿度85%—95%。光照要求弱光,或在完全黑暗的条件下生产,利用白炽灯或生物效应灯进行人工补光。
二、生产技术
1.选豆:生产绿色大豆瓣菜的黑豆,可选品种主要有赶牛料黑豆和平顶黑,这两个品种用于生产,萌芽快、生长周期短、粗细均匀、高度整齐一致、抗病力强、适口性好。无论选用哪种黑豆,其外观必须籽粒饱满、无碎烂破粒,最好用当年采收的黑豆。
2.产前处理:首先对黑豆进行风选、水漂,剔除机械碾轧损伤的豆种及虫蛀、残破、腐烂霉变、偏小粒种子。水漂时要用手轻稳地反复搓洗,并进行搅拌撇捞,尽量将杂质劣豆打捞干净,然后将黑豆倒入竹筛中,将水分沥干。
3.泡豆:将控干水分的黑豆倒入5WC左右的温水中烫豆,以便消毒灭菌和促其萌发,注意要不停地快速搅拌。这个过程大约需要15分钟,然后加入适当的冷水,降温至25-30℃进行浸泡,同时加入一袋水镕ABT粉(每5公斤种豆),以抑制毛须侧根的出现,并促使绿色豆瓣菜粗壮旺长,鲜嫩脆香,提高其品质和产量。泡豆时间约需24小时,等黑豆充分吸水膨胀变大后,再用清水将种豆淘洗2-3遍,去除粘在种豆表皮的黏质,然后倒入竹筛中控净水分,约晾三至五分钟,准备催芽。
4.催芽:将泡沫箱底铺上一层报纸或卫生纸,并用25℃温水喷湿。然后将黑豆均匀地铺散在泡沫箱中,要让箱底豆粒挨豆粒的密布一层豆种,不要砸成堆,也不要太稀拉。铺好后,喷20℃左右的温水。喷水量以喷湿后泡沫箱中不滴水、不存水为好,以免种子腐烂发臭。然后地面垫砖,每六盘为一摞,进行叠盘催芽。
5.生产:约经过30个小时,箱中的黑豆苗就可长到3—4厘米,此时可将泡沫箱摆放到支架上或地面上,取一支大豆素,对水1—2公斤,用喷雾器对芽苗进行喷淋,以抑制根系的生长发育,减少侧根的产生,并加大子叶面积。黑豆苗高8-9厘米时,取一支增粗剂,对水1—1.5公斤,用喷雾器对芽苗进行喷雾,以抑制茎叶生长点的伸长,使茎增粗、脆嫩,减少纤维素的含量,并促使豆瓣又大又黑绿发亮。
整个生产过程,每天需喷水2-4次,用喷雾器喷淋。气温高、温度小时多喷淋;气温低、湿度大时,少喷淋。生长前期少喷淋;生长后期多喷淋。
生产过程中要注意及时将腐烂的种子剔除,以免感染好菜,影响生长。
6.出售标准:苗高约20厘米,整齐无烂根,无毛须侧根,仅有1厘米的细白主根,无异味,清脆鲜嫩无纤维,下胚轴乳白透明,上胚轴浅绿发亮,两个豆瓣似展非展时是出售的适宜时期。此时可整箱供应宾馆、饭店、火锅城等,也可在市场上零售。
泡沫箱再用时,一定要用药剂进行彻底消毒,否则容易出现病菌感染。
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