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武夷茶的起源和发展 武夷山不仅是武夷岩茶的原产地,也是中国红茶的发源地,又是宋元两朝的贡茶基地,茶叶栽培和制作历史悠久,在茶叶发展史上占有十分重要的地位,对丰富和发展茶学,繁荣我国经济作过杰出贡献。武夷茶起源于南北朝 纵观《茶经》及其以后的茶学典籍,武夷茶最早见诸于文字的记载,是唐朝元和年间(公元806—820年),才子孙樵《送茶与焦刑部书》。孙樵以拟人化的笔法称武夷茶为“晚甘侯”,书中写道:“晚甘侯十五人,遣侍斋阁。此徒皆请雷而摘,拜水而和。盖建阳丹山碧水之乡,月涧云龛之奥,请勿贱用之!”自此,“晚甘侯”成为武夷茶之别称,成名于世。 然而,“晚甘侯”是不是就栽于唐代呢?由于缺少文字资料可考,我国著名茶学家——安徽农学院教授陈椽就以“晚甘侯”出现的时间推断“武夷茶约在南北朝的齐时起源”。陈椽教授考证发现:“晚甘侯”最早出现于南齐(公元479—502年)尚书右仆射王奂之子王肃死后,同人送给他的谥号,以表其节。王肃在南齐是个谏官、诤臣,“御使都谏”。王肃嗜茶,故同人送给的谥号为“晚甘侯”,这是“晚甘侯”最早出现的时间和来源。据此陈椽教授推断武夷茶约在南北朝齐时起源。 武夷茶起源于南北朝,与茶史专家郭孟良关于“魏晋南北朝时期我国茶叶生产已遍及东南各地,茶产区域已初具规模”的观点相一致。由此印证了陈椽教授的推断是正确的。 为什么“晚甘侯”就是武夷茶呢?有三个依据可以解疑:(1)丹山碧水是武夷山特指,是南朝江淹给武夷山的题词。这个题词来自于九曲溪二曲渡口,当时武夷山市的前身崇安县尚未建县,属建阳县,故孙樵写建阳丹山碧水。茶是武夷山的特产,送礼佳品。孙樵《送茶与焦刑部书》实际上是一封夸“晚甘侯”名贵,以期引起受礼人重视的信。(2)古时,古人对茶特别崇尚,认为茶品圣洁森然,品质高尚。又认为做人也要有人品,要刚直不阿,清正廉洁。(3)王肃嗜茶,是一位精于品茶的人,同时又是一位谏官、诤臣,其人品如茶品,故同人为表其节,私谥为“晚甘侯”。因此,可以认为“晚甘侯”是一个双关词,将它称之为武夷茶的名字或别称,就好理解了。
一、大红袍茶砖的发展史 宋代有“龙团凤饼”,清代有“武夷茶砖”,今有“大红袍茶砖”。
陈德华于20世纪80年代取得“大红袍无性繁殖”的成功,为大红袍茶砖的研制提供了可能。1996年陈德华首创了“大红袍茶砖”,得到了我国著名茶叶专家陈椽教授的积极支持。2005年又对茶砖的外型进行了改进,填补了历史上没有“大红袍茶砖”的空白,近年来武夷山许多厂家也相继推出了“大红袍茶砖”。
“大红袍茶砖”呈现出一种百花齐放的景象。
二、大红袍茶砖饮用方法:
1、泡茶器具:紫砂壶或大盖杯一套
2、投茶量:一小片
3、泡茶用水:以山泉水为上,用纯净水,或矿泉水亦可。
4、浸泡时间:水温度需现开现泡为宜。第一泡浸泡时间约1-2分钟,以后每冲一泡,浸泡时间可依据个人喜好而定。一般而言浸泡时间的调整原则为1至7泡的汤色基本一致。冲泡次数与浸泡时间及投茶量有关。
三、品茶要领
品茶时先嗅其香,再试其味,并反复几次。闻香有闻干茶香、杯盖香、水香、杯底香等等;尝味时须将茶汤与口腔和舌头的各部位充分接触,并重复几次,细细感觉茶汤的醇厚度及各种特征
四、大红袍茶砖的储存方法
大红袍茶砖宜储存在通风、阴凉、干燥、避光、无异味的地方,茶砖不需密封包装储存,储存得当则香久益清,味久益醇,性温不寒,久存不坏,具有收藏的价值。
五、武夷岩茶大红袍茶砖的功效
1、提神2、明目3、消食4、醒酒5、去痰6、坚齿7、降血脂8、消热解毒9、怯风解表10、养生益寿11、可降低冠心病发病率12、对癌症有一定防治作用
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