“理想气体的内能只和温度有关”这句话对吗

2025年03月16日 09:20
有4个网友回答
网友(1):

是的!
气体的内能是由分子动能与分子势能组成。理想气体忽然了分子间的相互作用力。因此也就忽视了分子间的势能,所以,理想气体的内能只有分子动能,而分子动能的决定性因素就是温度。

网友(2):

理想气体分子间的距离远远大于分子平衡位置间的距离,分子间力极其微弱可以忽略不计,气体的分子势能为0,只有分子的平均动能,所以,理性气体的内能变化只和温度有关,温度升高内能增加;温度降低、内能减少。

网友(3):

作为理想气体,其内能只与气体的温度有关。
气体的内能是分子动能和分子势能的总合,而理想气体分子有质量、无体积,是质量,分子在运动过程中没有相互作用,即无分子势能。
物质的温度是它的分子热运动的平均动能的标志,作为理想气体,其内能即为分子动能,因此只与温度有关。

网友(4):

根据理想气体内能公式,E=nCvT,与物质的量、分子种类和温度都有关系。
如:
1.
相同温度下,2molO2内能是1molO2的2倍
2.
相同温度下,1molHe内能是1molO2(刚性)的3/5倍
3.
温度是T1的1molO2内能是温度是T2的1molO2的T1/T2倍

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