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2015年是汽车产销增速探底的一年,3Q15即是汽车周期谷底。9月底出台的购置税减半政策效果明显,汽车业已完成V型反转。预计2015全年汽车销量增速为4.1%;2015年汽车业利润亦罕见地同比下降,3Q15利润降幅尤大。2015年自主SUV贡献了乘用车大部分增量,自主SUV份额同比大幅提升至54%。2015年轿车规模萎缩,未来这一趋势或仍持续。
2016年是汽车景气回暖的一年。判断2016年汽车销量增幅高于2015年为5.5%,其中乘/商用车销量同比增幅为6.8%/-2.6%,轿车继续萎缩,SUV同比净增量仍将超过200万辆,仍是汽车销售增量的支柱。各大汽车企业的十三五规划/再融资募投项目均侧重SUV及新能源发展。
供给+需求双轮驱动2016新能源乘用车翻番。多维政策驱动2015年新能源汽车推广(全年产销量35-40万台)大超预期。2016年产业环境改善,补贴额度虽小幅下调,但成本降幅亦在跟进,地方鼓励政策有望于上半年密集出台。
预计2016新能源车产销量二季度开始放量。整车企业将密集投放新能源新车型,丰富车型供给,预计2016新能源车产销量达64.5万台,新能源乘用车产销翻番至42万台,新能源客车产销同比增14%,新能源专用车销量增至10万台,最看好新能源乘用车及新能源专用车。
前瞻产业研究院《中国汽车零部件制造行业深度市场调研与投资前景预测分析报告》指出:零部件向节能、新能源、智能化、车联网等趋势发展。未来几年乘用车燃料消耗量降幅压力大,发动机启停系统渗透率将快速提升;新能源汽车销量增长,电动空调需求旺盛;汽车智能化方面看好国内领先的传感器供应商,不看好国内以介入整车控制为切入点的企业;UBI车险推广提速。
在整车制造厂商普遍实行 JIT
生产模式的情况下,整车制造厂商的零部件仓储环节由物流商或供应商执行。为提高配送服务效率,物流服务商在进行零部件配送服务过程中,通常被要求直接将零部件运输至整车生产线边或指定消耗点,而零部件生产物流主要从事厂内生产线边和消耗点间零部件的配送、调配和整理。因此,JIT
模式下采购物流和生产物流联系紧密,功能交叉,公司在提供采购物流服务同时承担部分生产物流职能。
从市场规模来看,零部件采购物流和整车销售物流占比较高,但两者在运输复杂程度、货物类型和时效性要求等方面有着诸多不同,前者对管理和技术的要求要高于后者,因此国内零部件物流的发展也滞后于整车物流。
汽车零部件物流需求随国内汽车行业的发展而平稳增加。汽车产业的持续发展是拉动汽车零部件物流行业需求增长的直接动力。我国汽车零部件物流起步较晚,但发展较快。上世纪90
年代,我国开始进口汽车散件进行整车组装时,汽车零部件物流才逐渐形成。进入21
世纪以来,随着全球汽车产业向以中国为代表的亚洲地区转移和我国经济的快速发展,我国汽车产销量快速提升,特别是经济发展最为活跃的长三角、珠三角和京津冀地区,汽车产销量呈几何级数增加。一部汽车由一万多种零部件组装而成,在汽车工业快速发展的拉动下,我国汽车零部件物流市场需求呈增长趋势。
汽车后市场,线上、线下两手都要硬。"政策催化+互联网改造"提升后市场供给端效率,"保有量+车龄增加"驱动后市场需求端增长。众多新参与者、新模式涌现,预计中国稳态汽车保有量为4-5亿辆,空间仍很大。我们认为汽车O2O服务的竞争关键为"集客引流"+"服务落地",展望2016年,汽车后服务竞争分化,线上、线下皆强者有望脱颖而出。
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