求英语牛人帮忙翻译一下,谢谢,不要机器翻译,谢谢

2024年11月23日 00:57
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太长了..先机译参考一下

Bretton Woods system to gold as the basis, the U.S. dollar as the main international reserve currency. Dollar direct link with gold, other currencies are pegged to the dollar, and may be 35 U.S. dollars an ounce official price of gold to the U.S. dollar. In the Bretton Woods system, the U.S. dollar gold and dollar countries can be implemented to adjust the peg exchange rate system, this is a two pillars of the monetary system, the International Monetary Fund is to maintain normal operation of the system's central body, Supervision of international exchange rates, the provision of international credit, the coordination of international monetary relations between the three major functions.
The establishment of the Bretton Woods system, after the war for a considerable period of time, really has brought an unprecedented development of international trade and the global economy growing interdependence of the times. However, the Bretton Woods system of their own can not overcome the deficiencies. Its deadly point is: it to a currency (dollars) as a major reserve assets, the inherent instability. Only on the long-term U.S. trade deficit, the dollar can be dispersed around the world so that the supply of dollars in other countries.
But this way, will inevitably affect people's confidence in the dollar, the dollar caused the crisis. If the United States and maintain the international balance of payments and international reserves will cut off the supply of international liquidity deficiencies. This is an insurmountable contradiction.

In the late 1950s from the start, with the competitiveness of the U.S. economy gradually weakened, and its international balance of payments deteriorating trend began, a global "dollar surplus", countries have dished out the U.S. dollar gold, the United States began a massive outflow of gold. By 1971, the U.S. gold reserves can not no longer support the growing flood of dollars, the Nixon administration was forced to August this year by 35 dollars to renounce the official price of an ounce of gold convertibility of the dollar "Jinbenweizhi", with the implementation of gold Against the dollar to float freely. European Economic Community and Japan, Canada and other countries announced that a floating exchange rate system and maintain the dollar is no longer assume the obligations of a fixed exchange rate, the dollar is no longer a national currencies around the centre. This indicates that the basis of the Bretton Woods system have all been lost, the system has completely collapsed.