溶质溶于溶剂后 溶剂的体积会发生改变吗? 请从溶质为固体 液体 气体三方面讲解 详细点!!

例如盐酸挥发后体积会减少吗?(挥发的是氯化氢·气体)
2025年04月06日 20:33
有1个网友回答
网友(1):

1. 溶质溶于溶剂后,已经形成了溶液,所以不可能只讨论溶剂的体积是否变化。
2. 溶质溶于溶剂后,溶液的体积一定要发生变化。变化的原因主要是溶质微粒介入到溶剂微粒之间,改变了溶剂微粒之间的相互作用,而这个改变是取决于溶质和溶剂的微粒的,因此没有一致的规律。
3. 举例说明。
当溶剂为固体时,如形成合金,一般来讲密度会降低——也就意味着作为溶质的金属原子的介入会改变作为溶剂的金属的密堆方式。
当溶剂为液体时,如水作溶剂,由于溶质对氢键的影响的不同,结果也不一样:乙醇溶于水导致密度增大——体积缩小;而NH3溶于水后密度的浓度却会增大——体积减小。
当溶剂为气体时,由于气体分子间距大,分子间作用力弱。所以在常温、常压(也就是一般符合理想气体的条件下),气体的体积是可以相加的——也就是说气体分子间是没有相互影响而使体积大小改变的。

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