弗洛伊德认为的俄狄浦斯情结期指的年龄段是
弗洛伊德认为的俄狄浦斯情结期指的年龄段是
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弗洛伊德的所有理论都是基于婴孩的本能,其中一种他称之为“性欲”。但这里的性欲并不是成人之间圈圈叉叉的性欲。而是一种对深切的对愉悦感,满足感的渴望。试想一个婴儿,在饿的哇哇大哭,孤独无助的时候,他对母亲乳房的渴望,比宅男在深夜对软妹子的渴望绝对有过之而无不及;作为一个弱不禁风,生活完全不能自理的小生命,他对母亲的保护与爱的渴望,也是非常强大的精神力量。这些渴望,便是弗洛伊德所谓的最初的“性欲”。
佛洛伊德认为,在婴儿最初阶段,人的“性欲”表现为对吮吸母乳的渴望。这是一种完全被生物本能驱使的欲望,与道德,世俗规定全无关系,这个阶段佛洛伊德称为口唇期。婴儿再长大一些,会进入佛洛伊德所谓的“肛门期”。每次提到这个词同学们的注意力已经全部被肛门两个字吸引住了以至于完全忽略了这一时期的重点。。。。这一时期的重点不在器官,而在于此时婴孩开始接受toilet training。婴儿再也不是为所欲为,随便撒泼打滚随地大小便的小霸王了,要开始接受一些社会/家庭的准则,要被束缚,被管教。佛洛伊德认为toilet training是婴儿从无拘无束到学会尊重准则的一个重要转折点,此时能控制住自己的肛门不随地大小便,就等于尊重父母的规则,就能得到父母的认可,从而得到满足感和愉悦感。所以这个阶段称为肛门期。
弗洛伊德的性心理发展阶段理论是弗洛伊德精神分析中一个主要理论之一。他把人的动力发展分为五个阶段,分别如下:
(1)口欲阶段(0—1岁左右)。这一时期婴儿的主要活动为口腔的活动,快感来源为唇、口、吸吮、吃、吃手指,长牙后,快感来自咬牙、咬东西。
(2)肛欲阶段(1—3岁左右)。这一时期婴儿要接受排泄大小便方面的训练。主要为肌紧张的控制,快感表现为忍受和排便。
(3)性器欲阶段(3—6岁左右)。这一时期儿童能分辨两性了,产生对异性双亲的爱恋和对同性双亲的忌妒。
俄狄浦斯情节就产生于这一阶段。
(4)潜伏期阶段(6—12左右)。这一时期儿童性欲倾向受到压抑,快感来源主要是对外部世界的兴趣。在此阶段,性心理比较平静。
(5)青春期阶段(12—18岁左右)。这一时期,兴趣逐渐转向异性,幼年的性冲动复活,性生活继续着早期发展的途径进行着。青春期一段始于11-13岁时,其生理标志为男子梦遗或手淫,女子则为月经初潮。由于躯体、内分泌系统的迅猛发展,第二性征也日益明显。此时青少年的性心理也有迅猛的发展,青少年对异性感到吸引,产生朦胧与不甚明确的情意。这就是异性恋的开始,但他们还缺乏社会经验与理智发展不足。他们的性器官发育逐渐成熟,但其整体心理水平还较幼稚,意志亦较薄弱,易受外界不良诱惑而导致性罪错,因此被视为“青春期危机”。弗洛伊德认为:性心理成熟的标志,是力比多集中于与异性性器的结合(性交),在此阶段称谓“性器欲期”或“生殖欲期”。在此之前则称为“前生殖欲期”。
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