一般过去时与现在完成时的区别,怎样区分哪些是结果,那些事动作,拜托清楚地讲一回.

2025年04月06日 23:30
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现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
1.现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作,但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系,如对现在产生的结果、影响等,而一般过去时则表示动作发生在过去,一般不表示和现在的关系.试比较:
① Who has opened the door?谁把门开了?(现在门还开着)
Who opened the door?谁开的门?(指过去,与现在无关.现在门是关着还是开着,没有说明.)
② — Have you had your lunch?你吃过午饭没有?(意即你现在不饿吗?)
— Yes,I have.吃了.(意即我现在饱了,不要再吃了.)
— When did you have it?你什么时候吃的?(说话人感兴趣的是“吃”这一动作发生在什么时候.)
2.一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语.一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,once,last week,...ago,in 1980,in October,just now等具体的时间状语.
现在完成时的时间状语:for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till/ until,up to now,in past/last years,always等不确定的时间状语.
共同的时间状语:
this morning,tonight,this April,now,ever,before,already,recently,lately等.
3.现在完成时表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如 live,teach,learn,work,study,know等.
过去时常用的非延续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,get married等.eg.
① I saw this film yesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了.)
I have seen this film.(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了.)
② He has been in the League for three years.(在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years.(是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago.(三年前入团,joined为短暂行为.)
切记:句子中如有一般过去时的时间状语(如yesterday,last week,in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时.
(错) Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(对) Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
对于表动作和结果的动词,我说两组,你就明白了.
look for ,寻找,强调寻找的动作.
find 找到,强调找到的结果.
I've looked for my pen everywhere ,but I couldn't find it .
listen 听,强调听的动作
hear 听到,强调听的结果
I listened carefully,but could hear nothing .
有什么问题可以继续咨询,希望我的回答不会让你失望.

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