初三英语全部笔记

中学英语要点汇总
　　1.宾语从句：怎样判断出一个从句是宾语从句？○1 在动词后作宾语(动宾):
　　Do you know where he es from? 划线部分是动词know的宾语.
　　○2.在有些接双宾结构的动词后作宾语:
　　He asked me when we would leave. 此句中me与从句when-分别是ask的宾语。
　　○3在介词后作宾语(介宾)：Let’s talt how we solve this problem.
　　○4在I’m sorry…, I’m afraid…, I’m sure…等结构后的句子也被认为是宾语从句.
　　宾语从句需注意的时态问题:
　　○1主句若是一般现在时，从句根据不同情况用不同时态。
　　He says (that) he will have a walk soon. （soon指将来，从句用将来时）
　　The teacher asks who is the cleverest in the school. （暗指目前谁最聪明，从句用现在时）
　　I want to know who e here late this morning. （今早已过去，从句用过去时）
　　○2主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用过去时。
　　He wondered if I would e. She told me that her son had got well.
　　She said that she liked watching TV. We thought Jim was wrong.
　　○3无论主句是何时态，从句若表客观真理，要用一般现在时。
　　Mr. Li said the moon is smaller than the earth.
　　○4宾语从句无论有何引导词，句子都要用陈述句语序。
　　Could you tell me when you will get bachan?（不是will you）
　　Do you know which sweater she is wearing? (不是is she)
　　2.状语从句：此处所说的状语从句用法仅包括条件(if和unless引导)状语从句和时间(when等引导,见下文)状语从句。状语从句需注意以下问题：
　　○1主句若是一般将来时、祈使句或含不表过去的情态动词等，则if(如果), unless(除非)，when(当…的时候), as soon as(一…就…)，before, after, until, till, as(当…的时候)所引导的状语从句用一般现在时。
　　You may take a rest when you finish doing your work. （主句有情态动词）
　　Could you look after my son after I leave home?
　　（情态动词could是为了让语气委婉，并不指过去时，从句仍用一般现在时）
　　I will go out as soon as it stops raining this afternoon. （主句是将来时）
　　Wait for your brother at the bus station until he arrives. （主句是祈使句）
　　○2而主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用表过去时的适当时态，如：
　　I would give the money to the charity if I had a million dollars.
　　When he got to the park, his ates had left.
　　My son ran towards me as soon as he saw me on the street.
　　3.定语从句：定语从句是指修饰前面名词或代词的句子。从句前面的名词或代词叫先行词，从句中的引导词叫关系代词或哗皮坦关系副词。关系代词who只指人，which只指物。that既可指人又可指物。whose 后必须跟有名词，既指人，也可指物。关系词作主语时，不可省略，作宾语握答时可省略。whom只指人，只作宾语。关系副词where指“在那里”，when指“在那时”。 （以下所给例子乱桐凡斜体字部分均作定语从句。）
　　She is a girl who / that is beautiful and kind-hearted. The girl who / that is tall is my sister.
　　（以上关系词作主语，不可省略。）
　　She is a girl (who / whom / that) I know very well. （关系词做know的宾语，可以省略。）
　　That boy whose hair is very long is my brother. I own a bike whose price is high.
　　(关系词whose表所属，后需接名词。前句指人，译为“这个孩子的”；后句指物，译为“这个自行车的”。）
　　I bought a watch (which / that) I paid 100 yuan for. （指物, 作pay的宾语，可以省略。）
　　I prefer a place which / that is clean and quiet. （关系词译为“这个地方”，主语，不可省）
　　I prefer a place where I can live a quiet life. （关系词译为“在这个地方”，是地点副词。）
　　I shall never forget the day when a boy helped me find my dog. （“在这一天”，是时间副词）4.wish和hope:○1wish既可接to do sth. 也可接sb + to do sth. 也可接that从句.
　　I wish to spend my summer holiday in Qingdao. I wish you to join my party this Sunday.
　　I wish (that) I could be a scientist. （注：接that从句时，从句用虚拟语气。）
　　○2hope接to do sth. 或that从句. 但不接sb to do sth.
　　I hope to receive a letter from you some day. I hope you will get well soon.
　　I hope (that) everything goes well. （接从句时不用虚拟）
　　5.thanks for和thanks to: Thanks for your helping me with the work.
　　(此句表达对对方为自己做了某事的感谢，后无补充的结果。)
　　Thanks to your suggestion, I didn’t maistakes.
　　(此句表达感谢由于某方所做的有利的事，出现了后面的结果。)
　　6.感官动词用法之一：see, hear, listen to, watch, notice等词，后接宾语，再接动词原形或ing形式。前者表全过程，后者表正在进行。句中有频率词时，以上的词也常跟动词原形。 I heard someone knocking at the door when I fell asleep. (我入睡时有人正敲门)
　　I heard someone knock at the door three times. (听的是全过程)
　　I often waty ates play volleyball after school. (此处有频率词often)
　　若以上词用于被动语态，后面原有动词原形改为带to不定式：
　　We saw him go into the restaurant. → He was seen to go into the restaurant.
　　I hear the boy cry every day. → The boy is heard to cry every day.
　　7.感官动词用法之二：loond, smell, taste, feel可当系动词，后接形容词