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在变压器、互感器中,一次侧与二次侧存在着同名端的关系,预试验收规程严格要求投运前和检修后,一定要进行极性试验。同样,在三相电机中,如果把同名端一接错,就会产生大问题,三相电流在电机中形成不了旋转磁场,电机不但不能正常运转,而且三相电流严重不对称,对电机影响很大,导致发热甚至烧坏电机。相反,只要同名端不接错,三相电流通入,电机只存在正转与反转的差别(电压为电机的额定电压和频率),只要把AB(或BC、CA)二线交换一下,电机就会按你的要求正常运行。因此,三相电机的同名端测试非常重要。
1.测试方法
先用万用表电阻档测出三相绕组的A1、A2,B1、B2,C1、C2。再把三个不同绕组的线头(如A1、B1、C1)联在一起,然后把另三个不同绕组的线头(如A2、B2、C2)也联在一起。接着用万用表的毫安档(直流)把 (A1、B1、C1)联在一起的头和(A2、B2、C2)联在一起的头进行搭接 ,同时用手把电机的转子转起来,看毫安表的指针是否摆动。若有较大摆动,先把A1与A2对换一下,再试一次;若还是有较大摆动,先把A1与A2换回来,再把B1、B2(或C1、C2)对换一下,再试一次; 若还是有较大摆动,先把原来换过的线头换回来,再把未换过的二线头对换一下,直到转子转动时,毫安表只有微小摆动,那是连在一起的头是三个同名端(另三个也是同名端)。
2.理论分析
由于三相电机的三个绕组只在绕组位置的布置上相差120°/极对数,所以三个绕组的电气参数基本一致。此外,三相电机的转子有一定的剩磁,在转子转动时,三个绕组上就会产生感生电动势,产生感生电动势为:
Ua=Em*sin(εt+φ)
Ub=Em*sin(εt+φ-120)
Uc=Em*sin(εt+φ+120)
如果把X、Y、Z连在一起,把A、B、C也连在一起,再用毫安表测(X、Y、Z)流向(A、B、C)的电流,设三个绕组的电抗与毫安表的电抗合成为Z,则 I=0,如果有一相同名端接反,设为A相接反,则:
I=2Em*sin(εt+φ)/Z
由于手去推动转子转动,它的(比较小,因此毫安表会出现摆动。同样B相或C相同名端接反,流过毫安表的电流为: , 同样会产生指针摆动。
3.主要结论
如果电机的同名端已明确表明,把X、Y、Z与A、B、C连起来,再测其流过毫安表的电流,这时指针摆动越小的电机,其三相电气参数的对称性越好。
绕组是变压器电路的主体部分,与电源相连的绕组称为原绕组,与负载相连的绕组称为副绕组。在变压器的使用、维护和故障处理中,都会遇到变压器绕组同名端的判别问题。通常变压器同名端采用实验方法检测,常用检测方法有直流感应法和交流感应法〔1〕。本文介绍的变压器同名端的检测方法是利用电容所具有的充放电特性和变压器的互感特性 ,通过单片机〔2〕的判别,确认变压器绕组的同名端。1 基本原理由图1所示,当t<0时,开关 S闭合在触点“1”处,且图1所示电路处于稳定状态,电容 C上电压u(0 -)c =US , i(0 - )= 0。当t=0时,开关 S由触点“1”接至触点“2”处,此电路为一个RLC串联电路,且u(0+)C=u(0-)C =US , i( 0 + )= i( 0 - )= 0。该电路中电容的贮能将通过R、L放电,此放电过程即是二阶电路的0输入响应。在图1所示电流和电压参考方向下,依据KVL可得:此式是以uC为未知量的线性常系数二阶齐次微分方程。根据文献〔3〕可知,由于电路中R、L、C参数不同,微分方程的特征根将不同。]
用万用表就可以了,原理就是电压方向的区别,下面是网上有人的办法,感觉挺好的:设变压器的初级为A和B ,电压为UAB,次级为a和b,电压是Uab, 把B和a相连,然后A和B接电源,用万用表测量UAb的电压,如果是UAB电压加Uab电压,即电压相加,那么Aa是同名端,如果是UAB电压减Uab电压,B和a是同名端
你好,大比特电子变压器技术论坛有这个答案,答案如下: 电桥测试 先测试出主绕组的电感量,两个绕组随便连接两个脚 测试另外两端,电感量对比主绕组的电感量,增大连接的两个脚为异名端,减小为同名端。 线圈匝数测试仪测试: 固定哪个颜色夹子夹起线,另一个夹子夹收线,机器会显示+圈数, -圈数;测试时每一组线都为+圈数或-圈数时,同一颜色夹子夹的脚位为同名端。 若还有什么问题,也可以来论坛提问。 如果帮上了你的忙,还望采纳答案!]
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