用市盈率估值法和股利贴现法估值的差异是什么?

2025年03月28日 19:08
有3个网友回答
网友(1):

理论上来说,两种方法计算的结果应该一样,估值结果应该没有差异。
普通股民使用的市盈率的计算方法是用当前的股价除以最近一个会计年度的每股净利润。这种方法有很大的缺陷。一是这种计算方法忽略了企业经营风险和业绩的成长性。今年股票的市盈率是20倍,看起来很高,但是明年业绩就能翻一翻,到明年市盈率就降到了10倍。所以考虑到企业的成长性,20倍市盈率并不高。10倍的市盈率很低,但是企业经营风险很大,明年业绩就降低50%,您再看看10倍市盈率真的低吗?二是有的股民用这种市盈率和同行业的股票进行比较,低于其他公司就判定低估,高于其他公司就是高估,这有很大的片面性。市盈率随股市牛熊市的变化而不断变化,牛市下同行业股票的市盈率可能很高,您的股票即使低与行业平均水平,也不能说您的股票是低估的。所以说普通人使用的市盈率过于简单片面,缺乏对企业整体情况的把握,误差很大。
正确的计算市盈率的方法应该用现金流贴现或股利贴现法计算出每股的价值,用这个价值除以每股收益,这才是这个企业正确的市盈率。低于他说明低估,高于他则说明高估。用这种方法计算的价值肯定和股利贴现法计算的结果一样。股利贴现法对企业整体的把握很强,计算过程充分考虑了企业经营中的盈利能力、成长性、经营风险这三大要素,要比普通的市盈率方法客观全面。
简单聊聊,问题很复杂,不展开说了,供您参考。

网友(2):

一楼的说法,把工具和实质的差异弄混了,并且在工具上市盈率法也不是这么用的。市盈率主要是线性回归法计算。

二楼的说法,把市盈率法和股利贴现法都看做绝对估值法了。市盈率法的提出就是代表相对估值法的典型应用,不能 把 理论市盈率 的概念 混同于 市盈率法。

我认为楼主的问题的真正含义是 将市盈率法看做 相对估值法,股利贴现法看做 绝对估值法。这个角度才切题。

市盈率法 和 贴现法 从超长期,如50-100年的股票走势上,应该结论是一样的。

但是市盈率法和 贴现法 短期结论不一样。市盈率法评估的是市场习惯上会给股权资产什么样的定价,而贴现法评估的是股权资产的回报能力所应该的理论定价。
比如,同样业绩预期的股票,在A股和港股上市盈率不同,因为A股和港股在整个市场的角度对个股的定价就不同。市盈率是评估市场行为的。

二者的根本不同不是结果上的,而是出发点上,是从股权的本质出发,还是从市场出发。

成熟的市盈率法是根据大量样本回归的,但是从理论上依然不具有确定性,只适用于大致分析。

网友(3):

差异是用的东西不一样。市盈率用的是每股盈利,股利贴现法用的是每股的分红。他们都需要对未来的盈利(或分红)进行预估。如果估值,还得要确定自己的预期收益率,不过中国公司现金分红太低,用股利贴现估值意义很小,可能这次改革后会好些

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