六、文化类
(1)
A characteristic of American culture that has become almost a tradition is to respect the self-made man — the man who has risen to the top through his own efforts, usually beginning by working with his hands. While the leader in business or industry or the college professor occupies a higher social position and commands greater respect in the community than the common laborer or even the skilled factory worker, he may take pains to point out that his father started life in America as a farmer or laborer of some sort.
This attitude toward manual(体力的) labor is now still seen in many aspects of American life. One is invited to dinner at a home that is not only comfortably but even luxuriously (豪华地) furnished and in which there is every evidence of the fact that the family has been able to afford foreign travel, expensive hobbies, and college education for the children; yet the hostess probably will cook the dinner herself, will serve it herself and will wash dishes afterward, furthermore the dinner will not consist merely of something quickly and easily assembled from contents of various cans and a cake or a pie bought at the nearby bakery. On the contrary, the hostess usually takes pride in careful preparation of special dishes. A professional man may talk about washing the car, digging in his flowerbeds, painting the house. His wife may even help with these things, just as he often helps her with the dishwashing. The son who is away at college may wait on table and wash dishes for his living, or during the summer he may work with a construction gang on a highway in order to pay for his education.
1. From paragraph 1, we can know that in America _________.
A. people tend to have a high opinion of the self-made man
B. people can always rise to the top through their won efforts
C. college professors win great respect from common workers
C. people feel painful to mention their fathers as labors.
2. According to the passage, the hostess cooks dinner herself mainly because _________.
A. servants in American are hard to get B. she takes pride in what she can do herself
C. she can hardly afford servants D. It is easy to prepare a meal with canned food
3. The expression “ wait on table” in the second paragraph means “_________”.
A. work in a furniture shop B. keep accounts for a bar
C. wait to lay the table D. serve customers in a restaurant
4. Which of the following may serve as the best title of the passage?
A. A Respectable Self-made Family B. American Attitude toward Manual Labor
C. Characteristics of American Culture D. The Development of Manual Labor
【答案解析】本文介绍了崇尚自我奋斗，尊重体力劳动的美国文化。
1. A。细节题。 根据 A characteristic of American culture that has become almost a tradition is to respect the self-made made 我们可以了解到，“崇尚自我奋斗”是美国文化的特点。
2. B。推断题。根据This attitude toward manual(体力的) labor is now still seen in many aspects of American life.(在美国生活的方方面面，尊重体力劳动态度的现象仍然随处可见)，可以推断女主人亲自下厨，是因为她以能做这样的体力活而自豪。
3. D。词义猜测题。wait on table 意为“服务顾客”，注意其后的 washing dishes 也有一定的暗示意义，故答案为 D。
4. B。主旨题。纵观全文，文章主要讲了美国崇尚自我奋斗，尊重体力劳动的文化习惯。故答案为B。
(2)
A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in almost the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as formal texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual situation of the time and the child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.
A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or making him sad thinking. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often sorry for cruelty than those who had not. As to fears, there are, I think, some cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises(出现) from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.
There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc. do not exist; and that, instead of being fond of the strange side in fairy tales, the child should be taught to learn the reality by studying history. I find such people, I must say so peculiar(奇怪的) that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girl-friend.
No fairy story ever declared to be a description of the real world and no clever child has ever believed that it was.
1. The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is _______.
A. repeated without any change B. treated as a joke
C. made some changes by the parent D. set in the present
2. According to the passage, great fear can take place in a child when the story is _______.
A. in a realistic setting B. heard for the first time
C. repeated too often D. told in a different way
3. The advantage claimed(提出) for repeating fairy stories to young children is that it _______.
A. makes them less fearful
B. develops their power of memory
C. makes them believe there is nothing to be afraid of
D. encourages them not to have strange beliefs
4. The author’s mention of sticks and telephones is meant to suggest that _______.
A. fairy stories are still being made up
B. there is some misunderstanding about fairy tales
C. people try to modernize old fairy stories
D. there is more concern for children's fears nowadays
5. One of the reasons why some people are not in favor of fairy tales is that _______.
A. they are full of imagination
B. they just make up the stories which are far from the truth
C. they are not interesting
D. they make teachers of history difficult to teach
(1—5 CBABB)
【答案解析】本文为论说文，作者驳斥了对神话故事的种种指责和误解。
1. C。细节题。根据 It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual situation of the time and the child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better. 可推知此题答案为C。
2. B。细节题。根据 this arises(出现) from the child having heard the story once. 可推知此题答案为B。
3. A。细节题。根据Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.可以得出此答案。
4. B。推断题。有些人认为神话不现实，都是教孩子一些不存在的东西，会对孩子有不好的影响。作者用虚拟语气作了一个假设，如果这些观点站得住脚的话，可能会出现这样的情况：the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girl-friend. 可见持这种观点的人实际上是对神话的一种误解。
5. B。推断题。根据 …not objectively true, do not exist可知有些人不赞成神话故事的原因是这些故事是编出来的，远离现实。故选B。
(3)
The number of speakers of English in Shakespeare’s time is estimated(估计) to have been about five million. Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a native language, mainly in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. In addition to the standard varieties of English found in these areas, there are a great many regional and social varieties of the language as well as various levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms.
In fact, it is impossible to estimate the number of people in the world who have acquired an adequate(足够的) working knowledge of English in addition to their own languages. The purpose for English learning and the situations in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is difficult to explain and still more difficult to judge what forms an adequate working knowledge for each situation.
The main reason for the widespread demand for English is its present-day importance as a world language. Besides serving the indefinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of important works in science, technology, and other fields are being produced, and not always by native speakers. It is widely used for such purposes as meteorological and airport communications, international conferences, and the spread of information over the radio and television networks of many nations. It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries, especially former British colonies. Many of these countries have multilingual populations and need a language for internal communication in such matters as government, commerce, industry, law and education as well as for international communication and for entrance to the scientific and technological developments in the West.
1. What would be the best title for this passage?
A. The Difficulties of Learning English B. International Communications
C. The Standard Varieties of English D. English as a World Language
2. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Some 260 million people in the world have an adequate working knowledge of English.
B. There are some 260 million native speakers of English in the world.
C. It is almost impossible to estimate the number of people with an adequate working knowledge of English.
D. People learn English for a variety of reasons.
3. According to the passage, what is the main reason for the widespread use of English?
A. It was popular during Shakespeare’s time.
B. It is used in former British colonies.
C. It serves the needs of its native speakers.
D. It is a world language that is used for international communication.
4. What forms an adequate working knowledge of English?
A. The ability to read a newspaper. B. It is difficult to judge because it differs for each situation.
C. Being a multilingual. D. Being a native speaker.
5. What type of developing countries would be most likely to use English?
A. Those geographically close to the United States.
B. Those interested in the culture of the United States.
C. Former colonies of Great Britain.
D. Countries where international conferences are held.
【答案与解析】本文介绍了英语的发展变化情况，说明了英语最后成为世界语言的原因及英语在当代社会中的重要性。
1.D。主旨题。根据第3段第1句及全文的内容：英语在各个国家的各个领域的应用，可推知此题的答案为 D。
2.A。细节题。根据文章第1段中第2句及第2段的第1句的描述可推知此题的答案为A。
3.D。推断题。根据文章最后一段的描述，英语在世界不同领域、不同的地区的使用，可推知此题的答案为D。
4.B。细节题。根据文章第2段最后一句可推知此题答案为B。
5.C。细节题。根据文章最后一段倒数第2句可推知此题答案为C。
(4)
“If there is one thing I’m sure about, it is that in a hundred years from now we will still be reading newspapers. It is not that newspapers are a necessity. Even now some people get most of their news from television or radio. Many buy a paper only on Saturday or Sunday. But for most people reading a newspaper has become a habit passed down from generation to generation.
The nature of what is news may change. What basically makes news is what affects our lives — the big political stories, the coverage of the wars, earthquakes and other disasters, will continue much the same. I think there will be more coverage of scientific research, though. It’s already happening in areas that may directly affect our lives, like genetic(基因) engineering. In the future, I think there will be more coverage of scientific explanations of why we feel as we do — as we develop a better understanding of how the brain operates and what our feelings really are.
It’s quite possible that in the next century newspapers will be transmitted(传送) electronically from Fleet Street and printed out in our own home. In fact, I’m pretty sure that how it will happen in the future. You will probably be able to choose from a menu, making up your own newspaper by picking out the things you want to read — sports and international news, etc.
I think people have got it wrong when they talk about competition between the different media(媒体). They actually feed off each other. Some people once foresaw that television would kill off newspapers, but that hasn’t happened. What is read on the printed page lasts longer than pictures on a screen or sound lost in the air. And as for the Internet, it’s never really pleasant to read something just on a screen.
1. What is the best title for the passage?
A. The Best Way to Get News B. The Changes of Media
C. Make Your Own Newspaper D. The Future of Newspaper
2. In the writer’s opinion, in the future, _______.
A. more big political affairs, wars and disasters will make news
B. newspapers will not be printed in publishing houses any longer
C. newspapers will cover more scientific research
D. more and more people will watch TV
3. What will probably be on in the newspaper made by yourself?
A. Sports and international news. B. A menu of important news.
C. The most important news. D. What you are interested in.
4. From the passage, we can infer _______.
A. newspapers will win the competition among the different media
B. newspapers will stay with us together with other media
C. television will take the place of newspaper
D. the writer believe some media will die out
5. The phrase “feed off” in the last paragraph means _______.
A. depend on B. compete with C. fight with D. kill off
(1—5 DCDBA)
【答案与解析】本文提出报纸这一新闻媒体在近百年内不会消失的观点并分析了其原因。
1. D。主旨题。从文章第1句：一百年后人们仍要读报，到后面文章讲到报纸跟人们生活的关系，报纸的形式和内容，可归纳出此题的答案为D。
2. C。细节题。根据文章第2段I think there will be more coverage of scientific research, though.可推知此题答案为C。
3. D。推断题。从文章第3段最后一句You will probably be able to choose from a menu, making up your own newspaper by picking out the things you want to read… 可推知此题答案为D。
4. B。细节题。根据文章第1段第3句Even now some people get most of their news from television or radio. Many buy a paper only on Saturday or Sunday可推知此题答案为B。
5. A。词义猜测题。作者上一句说人们错误地认为各各种不同的媒体相互竞争，而下一句作者又说 They actually feed off each other(注意句中 actually 一词)，再结合所给的四个选项，可知选A为合适。
愿意承认自己的错误是大多数人所钦佩的品质。有时候说出简单的一句：“我错了。”极其艰难，然而说：“我错了， 你是对的。”就更难了。 最近有个人告诉我他在十五年前犯了一个错误。他告诉我，他曾经是我生长的地方的某个零售店经理，他还问我是否记得装鸡蛋的纸皮箱。然后我想到了一个事件，还模糊地记起这件事就是他正在描述的事。那时我大概8岁，我和妈妈走进商店开始一周购物。在那天，这件事肯定发生在我去乳制品店的路上。而且那天肯定有个鸡蛋促销活动 ，因为我印象深刻的记得有一打或半打纸箱的鸡蛋陈列着。这些纸箱叠放着大概有3或4英尺高。我一定是停了下来惊叹地注视着这叠箱子。就在这时，一个女士推着购物车过来，撞倒了箱子。不知什么原因，我觉得我应该把这些箱子重新摆好，于是我开始工作。商店经理听到了响声跑出来看发生了什么。当他在我面前时，我正在跪着检查箱子看看是否有鸡蛋破损，但是在他看来我好像就是肇事者。他严厉地斥责我，并要求我赔偿破损的鸡蛋。我辩护道我是无辜的并向他解释，但徒劳无功。即使我很快就忘了这件事，显然那个经理并没有。
我急着一如既往,但这一次是一个重要的约会我不能迟到了!我发现自己在一个校验柜后面一个老妇人似乎并不急着她请她吃了食品杂货。一个博士学位学生没有很多钱,我赶忙进了商店买了一些花。我在一个巨大的奔跑,想着我即将到来的晚上。我不想迟到这日期。我们在波士顿,一个地方并不总是以小之间的交谈的陌生人。女人停止卸货着篮子,抬头看了看我。她笑了。这是一个很好的smile-warm和reassunring-and退还她的礼物我微笑回来。 “肯定是一名特别的夫人”,不管它是可以得到那些美丽的花儿,”她说。“是的,她是特别的,”我说,然后我的尴尬,话语没有出来。“这是我们第二次约会,但是我很有感觉的一个,”她'the”开玩笑,我补充道,“唯一的问题是,我不明白她为什么想要一个象我这样的家伙约会。“嗯,我认为她很幸运有一个男朋友带她如此可爱的花朵,显然是爱上了她,”这位妇女说。“我丈夫曾经使我送花时,每一个week-even表面是艰苦的,我们没有很多钱。那是一个不可思议的天,是很浪漫的中- - - - - -我想念他的课程,因为他已去世了。“我替我付了花朵作为她收集她的食品杂货。毫无疑问在我的脑海中,我走到她面前。我摸了她的肩膀说,“你是对的,你知道的。这些花是确实对一个非常特别的女士。“我把花和感谢她给我这么好的交谈。她花了时间才意识到我正在给她的花我刚刚购买的。“你有一个美好的夜晚,”我说。我离开她都用一个灿烂的微笑,我的心变我看见她闻到美丽的花朵。我记得我们稍微晚日期告诉我女朋友那夜以上的故事。几年后,w
这是我第一次给别人翻译 希望你帮上你 我是到每句话的句号那里就给你翻译的 This part is to test your reading ability，there are five tasks for you to fulfil.这个部分是要考你的阅读能力，一共有5个项目要你完成。You should read the materials carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed. 你要认真读文章，然后回答所问的问题。 Task1 项目1 Many Chinese students who have already learnt English more than ten yeas are still unable to speak English properly and fluently when they encounter a foreigner.很多中国学生已经学英语有10多年了，但是当他们碰上一个外国人的时候还是不能说得很流利。They have been able to master the basic language structure and many other things grammatically, but a conversation in English will make them feel uneasy.他们可以支配语言的基本结构和其他很多语法的东西，但是一个英文的对话会让他们感到不是很简单。（就是说会让他们感到有点困难） They are afraid other people laugh at their mistakes or they think those to whom they are speaking might not understand them. 他们害怕其他人笑话他们的错误或是他们认为那些讲英文的不明白他们在讲什么。It is not uncommon that many students,who are bad speakers of English,write beautiful and fiuent English.很普遍的是很多学生都说英语不是很好，但是可以写出很流利，漂亮的英文（文章）。This prove perfectly that they do have the ability to organize their ideas in English.这充分的证明了他们能够用英文安排他们的想法。 The problem is that they do not have enough practice and confidence.问题是他们没有足够的练习和自信。Maybe they are afraid of speaking English openly. 也许，他们害怕公开的说英语。 The best way out,as a result,would be a bit more confidnce and practice.最好的解决方法就是要有多一点的自信和练习。No one would laugh at you even though you make some mistakes for they understand English is a forign language to you.没有人会笑话你就算你出了什么错，他们会理解英文对你来说是一门外语。Don'tcare too much about the small mistakes you may make in your conversation because you can correct them easily if you practice enough.不要太在乎你在交谈中犯的小错误因为如果你有足够的练习，你能很容易的改正他们。 But you do have to take great care to make people understand what you are trying to say.但是你得多注意能够让别人明白你想要说什么。If you keep practiicing english
大体意思是：
值得人钦佩的人的品质之一便是敢于并乐于去承认自己的错误，对于一般人说出“我错了”是很难得的，更别说说出“我错了，而你是对的。”作者讲述了一个自己的亲身经历：很多年前他曾经和他的母亲去做每周都会做的购物，在一个卖鸡蛋的区域，他遇见了一个也是购物的女的用她的购物车把垒得高高的盒装鸡蛋“山”撞到了，那个女的逃了，他就很负责的在哪里收拾残局，结果闻讯赶来的经理想当然的认为是他干的，不管他怎么辩驳都没用。很多年以后，他自己都快忘了这件事，而15年以后那个经理依旧没忘记这件事，没忘记他的错误。
就是这么一个文章。望对你有用。
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