有关 从汉至元政治制度的演变 和 明清君主专制的加强 的 小故事 要快!!!.......
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赵匡胤杯酒释兵权： 乾德元年（963年）春，赵匡胤在退朝后留下石守信、高怀德、王审琦、张令锋、赵彦徽、罗彦环诸高级将领饮酒。酒至半酣，宋太祖对部下们说 “我若没有诸位，也当不了皇帝。虽然我身为天子，还不如做节度使快乐。当了皇帝之后，我从来没有好好睡过。”此话令石守信等人大惊失色：“陛下为什么这么说，现在天命已确定，谁敢再有异心？”太祖曰：“谁不想要富贵？有一天，你部下一样对你黄袍加身，拥戴你当皇帝。纵使你不想，还由得着你们吗？”石守信等将领跪下磕头，哭着说：“臣等愚昧，不能了解此事该怎么处理，还请陛下可怜我们，指示一条生路。” 宋太祖借机表达了自己让他们放弃兵权的想法，建议“人生苦短，犹如白驹过隙，不如多累积一些金钱，买一些房地产，传给后代子孙，家中多置歌妓舞伶，日夜饮酒相欢以终天年，君臣之间没有猜疑，上下相安，这样不是很好吗？”大臣们答谢说：“陛下能想到我们这事，对我们有起死回生的恩惠啊！”第二天，石守信、高怀德、王审琦、张令铎、赵彦徽等上表声称自己有病，纷纷要求解除兵权，宋太祖欣然同意，让他们罢去禁军职务，到地方任节度使，并废除了殿前都点检和侍卫亲军马步军都指挥司。
胡惟庸大案：胡惟庸当了丞相后，飞扬跋扈，独掌生杀大权。他竟敢拆阅呈给皇帝的奏折，径自处理，对不利自己的奏折隐匿不报；他还时常不奏报朱元璋，独断专行官员的生杀升黜大事。他还在朝廷中不断培植私人势力。于是他的门下出现了一个文臣武将齐集的小集团。朱元璋为此深感不安，皇权与相权产生了激烈的冲突。朱元璋杀了左丞相胡惟庸，同时对和胡来往密切的官员也进行抄家灭族。以后又几兴大狱，使"胡惟庸狱"不断牵连扩大，到洪武二十三年，功臣太师李善长等人也以与胡惟庸勾结被杀。
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