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先看段动画介绍:

粘层、透层、封层
三者都是沥青路面结构里的层位,从下到上分别是透层、封层、粘层。三者的功能各不相同
透层的作用是透入水稳基层缝隙中,起到将基层与沥青面层连接成一体的作用,你如果学过材料力学的话就知道连接成一体后层底弯拉应力会大大降低,有益无害。
封层的作用是防水层,防止雨水啥的渗透进基层,冲刷一些细集料,造成脱空损坏。
粘层一样是用来联结相邻层位的,只不过是用来粘结沥青面层与沥青面层,或者沥青面层与水泥混凝土、井盖结构、路缘石啥的
透层、粘层、封层出自公路沥青路面施工技术规范,并且封层在沥青路面设计规范上也有提到。按照设计规范的说法,封层包含了透层、粘层、封层,而施工技术规范又将三者区别对待。
JTG F40-2004《公路沥青路面施工技术规范》对三者的定义为:
透层:为使沥青面层与非沥青材料基层结合良好,在基层上浇洒乳化沥青、煤沥青或液体沥青 而形成的透入基层表面的薄层;
粘层:为加强沥青结构层与沥青结构层之间、沥青层与水泥混凝土路面之间的粘结而洒布的沥青材料薄层;
封层:为封闭表面空隙,防止水分侵入面层或基层,在面层或基层上铺的沥青封面。铺筑在面层表面的称为上封层;铺筑在面层下面的称为下封层。按照结构顺序,从下到上依次为透层、粘层、封层。
JTG D50-2006《公路沥青路面设计规范》仅仅只是对封层提出了定义,在沥青面层之上或基层之上或在沥青层之间,铺筑的阻止雨水下渗的沥青薄层。
个人理解,只要是阻止雨水下渗的沥青薄层就可称之为封层,除此之外,还具有其他功能的(如加强粘结)按照JTG F40-2004上的规定来定义
1.透层的作用:为使沥青面层与非沥青材料基层结合良好,在基层上浇洒乳化沥青、煤沥青或液体沥青而形成的透入基层表面的薄层。
2.符合下列情况,应浇洒透层沥青:
(1)沥青路面的级配砂砾、级配碎石基层;
(2)水泥、石灰、粉煤灰等无机结合料稳定土;
(3)粒料的半刚性基层上必须浇洒透层沥青。
1.粘层的作用:使上下层沥青结构层或沥青结构层与结构物(或水泥混凝土路面)完全粘结成一个整体。
2.符合下列情况,应浇洒粘层沥青:
(1)双层式或三层式热拌热铺沥青混合料路面在铺筑上层前,其下面的沥青层已被污染。
(2)旧沥青路面层上加铺沥青层。或桥面铺装前。
(3)水泥混凝土路面上铺筑沥青面层,
(4)与新铺沥青混合料接触的路缘石、雨水进水口、检查井等的侧面。
1.封层的作用:一是封闭某一层起着保水防水作用;二是起基层与沥青表面层之间的过渡和有效联结作用;三是路的某一层表面破坏离析松散处的加固补强;四是基层在沥青面层铺筑前,要临时开放交通,防止基层因天气或车辆作用出现水毁。封层可分为上封层和下封层;就施工类型来分,可采用拌合法或层铺法的单层式表面处治,也可以采用乳化沥青稀浆封层。
2.符合下列情况之一时,应在沥青面层上铺筑上封层
(1)沥青面层的空隙较大,透水严重。
(2)有裂缝或已修补的旧沥青路面。
(3)需加铺磨耗层改善抗滑性能的旧沥青路面。
(4)需铺筑磨耗层或保护层的新建沥青路面。
封层:指的是为封闭表面空隙,防止水分侵入面层或基层,在面层或基层上铺的沥青封面。铺筑在面层表面的称为上封层;铺筑在面层下面的称为下封层。
透层:指的是为了使沥青层与无沥青材料的基层结合良好,在基层上浇洒的石油沥青、煤沥青、液体沥青或阳离子乳化沥青而形成的透入基层表面的薄层。
粘层:指的是为了加强路面的沥青层与沥青层之间、沥青层与水泥混凝土路面之间的粘接而撒铺的沥青材料薄层。一般旧路面与新路面之间需要设置粘层。
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