东观汉记的四库提要记载

2025年04月05日 08:20
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《东观汉记》·二十四卷(永乐大典本)
案《东观汉记》,《隋书·经籍志》称,长水校尉刘珍等撰。今考之范《书》,珍未尝为长水校尉。且此书创始在明帝时,不可题珍等居首。案:《范书·班固传》云:明帝始诏班固与睢阳令陈宗、长陵令尹敏、司隶从事孟异共成《世祖本纪》。因又撰功臣、平林、新市、公孙述事作《列传》、《载记》二十八篇。此《汉记》之初创也。刘知几《史通·古今正史篇》云:安帝诏史官谒者仆射刘珍、谏议大夫李尤杂作《纪》、《表》、《名臣》、《节士》、《儒林》、《外戚》诸传,起建武,讫永初。《范书·刘珍传》,亦称邓太后诏珍与刘騊駼作《建武以来名臣传》。此《汉记》之初续也。《史通》又云:珍、尤继卒,复命侍中伏无忌与谏议大夫黄景作《诸王》、《王子》、《功臣恩泽侯表》,与《单于》、《西羌传》、《地理志》。元嘉元年,复令大中大夫边韶、大军营司马崔寔、议郎朱穆、曹寿杂作《孝穆崇》二皇及《顺烈皇后传》。又增《外戚传》入安思等后。《儒林传》入崔篆诸人。寔、寿又与议郎延笃杂作《百官表》、顺帝功臣《孙程》、《郭愿》、《郑众》、《蔡伦》等传凡百十有四篇,号曰《汉记》。《范书·伏湛传》亦云:元嘉中,桓帝诏伏无忌与黄景、崔寔等共撰《汉纪》。《延笃传》亦称笃与朱穆、边韶共著作《东观》。此《汉记》之再续也。盖至是而史体粗备,乃肇有《汉记》之名。《史通》又云:熹平中,光禄大夫马日磾、议郎蔡邕、杨彪、卢植著作《东观》,接续纪传之可成者。而邕别有《朝会》、《车服》二志。后坐事徙朔方,上书求还,续成十志。董卓作乱,旧文散逸。及在许都,杨彪颇存注纪。案:《范书·蔡邕传》,邕在东观,与卢植、韩说等撰补《后汉记》,所作《灵纪》及《十意》,又补诸《列传》四十二篇。因李傕之乱,多不存。《卢植传》亦称,熹平中,植与邕、说并在东观,补续《汉记》。又刘昭补注《司马书》,引《袁崧书》云:刘洪与蔡邕共述《律历纪》。又引《谢承书》云:胡广博综旧仪,蔡邕因以为志。又引《谢沈书》云:蔡邕引中兴以来所修者为《祭祀志》。章怀太子《范书注》,称邕上书云:臣科条诸志,所欲删定者一,所当接续者四,前志所无,臣欲著者五。此《汉记》之三续也。其称《东观》者,《后汉书注》引雒阳宫殿名云:南宫有东观。《范书·窦章传》云:永初中,学者称东观为老氏藏室,道家蓬莱山。盖东汉初,著述在兰台,至章和以后,图籍盛於东观,修史者皆在是焉,故以名书。《隋志》称书凡一百四十三卷,而《新旧唐书志》则云一百二十六卷,又录一卷。盖唐时已有阙佚。《隋志》又称是书起光武,讫灵帝。今考《列传》之文,间纪及献帝时事,盖杨彪所补也。晋时以此书与《史记》、《汉书》为三史,人多习之。故六朝及初唐人隶事释书,类多徵引。自唐章怀太子集诸儒注《范书》,盛行於代,此书遂微。北宋时尚有残本四十三卷。赵希弁《读书附志》、邵博《闻见后录》并称其书乃高丽所献,盖已罕得。南宋《中兴书目》则止存《邓禹》、《吴汉》、《贾复》、《耿弇》、《寇恂》、《冯异》、《祭遵》、《景丹》、《盖延》九传,共八卷。有蜀中刊本流传,而错误不可读。上蔡任 始以秘阁本雠校,罗愿为序行之,刻版於江夏。又陈振孙《书录解题》称,其所见本,卷第凡十二,而阙第七、第八二卷。卷数虽似稍多,而核其《列传》之数,亦止九篇。则固无异於书目所载也。自元以来,此书已佚。《永乐大典》於邓、吴、贾、耿诸韵中,并无《汉记》一语。则所谓九篇者,明初即已不存矣。本朝姚之骃撰《后汉书补逸》,曾蒐集遗文,析为八卷。然所采只据刘昭《续汉书十志补注》、《后汉书注》、虞世南《北堂书钞》、欧阳询《艺文类聚》、徐坚《初学记》五书。又往往掇拾不尽,挂漏殊多。今谨据姚本旧文,以《永乐大典》各韵所载,参考诸书,补其阙逸,所增者几十之六。其书久无刻版,传写多讹。姚本随文钞录,谬戾百出。且《汉记·目录》虽佚,而纪、表、志、传、载记诸体例,《史通》及各书所载,梗概尚一一可寻。姚本不加考证,随意标题,割裂颠倒,不可殚数。今悉加釐正,分为《帝纪》三卷、《年表》一卷、《志》一卷、《列传》十七卷、《载记》一卷。其篇第无可考者,别为《佚文》一卷,而以《汉纪》与《范书》异同附录於末。虽残珪断璧,零落不完,而古泽斑斓,罔非瑰宝。书中所载,如章帝之诏增修群祀、杜林之议郊祀、东平王苍之议庙舞,并一朝大典,而《范书》均不详载其文。他如张顺预起义之谋、王常赞昆阳之策、杨政之严正、赵勤之洁清,亦复概从阙如,殊为疏略。惟赖兹残笈,读史者尚有所稽。则其有资考证,良非浅鲜,尤不可不亟为表章矣。

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