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邢云 (2003) 提出油气资源投资环境包括硬环境和软环境两个方面,重要程度依次为:油气资源丰富程度、自然地理条件、语言与文化背景、石油法规完善程度及利润分配模式、政治稳定性、经济富裕程度、与投资国的友好及被开放程度、基础设施健全程度、油气市场成熟程度。童晓光 (2004) 认为油气资源投资环境有政治环境、经济环境、法律环境、石油工业4 个指标。李玉顺等 ( 2003 ) 认为油气资源投资环境包括国家概况、国内政治环境、国际政治环境、经济环境和外国投资的法律环境。尹赐舜 ( 2006 ) 提出油气资源投资环境包含国家概况、油气资源概况、石油管理体制、对外招标与合作、政治体制、外交关系、经济环境、外国投资等因素。
2006年,国土资源部信息中心全球资源战略研究开放实验室研究的成果《东南亚国家矿业投资环境分析》,将矿业投资环境分为矿产资源、国家概况和矿业概况、矿产资源法律法规和管理体制、国外矿业公司活动、外国投资政策概况、投资状况及环境分析(王正立等,2008 )。
2007年,国家发展和改革委员会能源局项目,中国石油集团经济技术研究院编制的《世界油气投资环境指南》里收集的全球(中东地区、非洲地区、亚太地区、南美地区、北美地区、欧洲地区、独联体国家地区)油气资源投资环境包括:国家概况、政治与经济形势、油气政策与法规、财税条款、管理体制与国家石油公司、石油工业发展史、油气勘探与开采、管道与运输、炼油和石化、国际合作。
本书综合考虑国家企业经营的赢利性与能源供给的安全性,通过分类汇总在国内外文献中所涉及的油气资源投资环境指标,根据筛选后的资料,提出影响油气勘探开发投资的直接因素和间接因素是油气资源投资环境,包括硬环境和软环境。硬环境主要是指与油气资源勘探开发相关的油气地质、资源特征与潜力,以及包括基础设施在内的地理区位条件等,是油气资源投资的基础。而软环境是指东道国的与油气相关的政策、法令,外汇管理制度,行政管理效率,劳动生产率,市场开放度,技术水平,政局稳定性等。其中,充分条件是软环境,必要条件是硬环境。
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