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天水在夏、商时期属雍州,周孝王十二年赢非子在秦池为王室养马有功被封于秦,号赢秦。秦即后世的秦亭,是天水市辖区见于史籍的最早地名。
秦武公十年,秦灭圭阝戎、冀戎,置圭阝、冀二县,这是中国历史上设置最早的两个县级建置。秦昭王二十八年,设陇西郡。郡县制在今辖区确立。西汉武帝元鼎三年,从陇西、北地二郡析置天水郡。从此有天水的名称。
三国魏文帝黄初元年,一度设秦州。因秦邑而得名,从此有“秦州”的名称。西晋始,实行州郡县三级制。晋武帝泰始五年秦州正式设立,今辖大部分由秦州天水郡辖。南北朝因亡。隋唐时,实行州县二级制,秦州地域缩小,地域和今辖区大体相当。
元代,秦州辖成纪、秦安、清水3县。明代,秦州辖秦安、清水、礼县3县。清雍正七年,秦州升为直隶州,直隶甘肃省,辖秦安、清水、两当、徽县、礼县5县。民国二年,2月,北洋政府推行省、县二级制,暂存道制。巩秦阶道改称陇南道。
撤秦州设天水县。民国三年1月,宁远县改称武山县。6月,陇南道改称渭川道,辖14县。民国十六年7月,渭川道改称渭川行政区。不久,撤销行政芪 ,实行纯粹的省县二级制。
民国18年,伏羌县改名甘谷县。民国二十三年,甘肃省政府设立天水行政督察区。次年,改称甘肃省第四行政督察区,辖10县。

扩展资料:
天水地势西北高,东南低,海拔在1000—2100米之间,市区平均海拔高度为1100米。最高峰天爷梁,3120米;最低点牛背村,海拔760米。
天水地貌区域分异明显。东部和南部因古老地层褶皱而隆起,形成山地地貌。北部因受地质沉陷和红、黄土层沉积,形成黄土层沉积,形成黄土丘陵地貌。
中部小部分地区因受纬向构造带的断裂,形成渭河地堑,经第四纪河流分育和侵蚀堆积,形成渭河河谷地貌。
参考资料来源:百度百科—天水
天水 市名,位于甘肃东南部,自古是丝绸之路必经之地。全市横跨长江、黄河两大流域,新欧亚大陆桥横贯全境。现辖武山、甘谷、秦安、清水、张家川回族自治县五县和秦州、麦积两区,总人口328万人。境内四季分明,气候宜人,物产丰富,素有西北“小江南”之美称。
历史文化
天水是中国古代文化的发祥地,享有“羲皇故里”的殊荣,是海内外龙的传人寻根问祖的圣地。境内文化古迹甚多,现有国家和省、市级重点保护文物169处,其中大地湾遗址保存有大量新石器时代早期及仰韶文化珍品。国内唯一有伏羲塑像的天水伏羲庙,雕梁画栋,古柏森森。中国四大石窟之一、被誉为“东方雕塑馆”的麦积山石窟,荟萃了从公元4世纪末到20世纪,约1600年间的7730余尊塑像,并与大像山、水帘洞、拉梢寺、木梯寺等共同组成了古丝绸之路东段的“石窟艺术走廊”。同时,环绕麦积山方圆数十里分布的植物园、仙人崖、石门、净土寺、曲溪和街子温泉度假村,共同组成了国家级森林公园---麦积山风景名胜区。人文景观与自然秀色交相辉映,巧夺天工,吸引着无数海内外游人。
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