放鞭炮这个习俗是怎么形成的?

为什么人们每逢过年喜庆就喜欢放鞭炮?
2025年03月24日 23:18
有1个网友回答
网友(1):

  无论是过年过节,还是结婚嫁娶,进学升迁,以至大厦落成、商店开张等等,只要为了表示喜庆,人们都习惯放鞭炮来庆祝。
  这个习俗在我国已有2000多年的历史了。《荆楚岁时记》曾经这样记载,正月初一,鸡叫头一遍时,大家就纷纷起床,在自家院子里放爆竹,来逐退瘟神恶鬼。
  当时没有火药,没有纸张,人们便用火烧竹子,使之爆裂发声,以驱逐瘟神,这当然是迷信,但却反映了古代劳动人民渴求安泰的美好愿望。
  到了唐朝,鞭炮又被人们称为“爆竿”,大概是将一支较长的竹竿逐节燃烧,连续发出爆破之声。南昌诗人来鹄的《早春》诗句:“新历才将半纸开,小亭犹聚爆竿灰。写的就是当时春节燃烧竹竿的情景。
  后来,炼丹家经过不断的化学试验,发现硝石、硫黄和木炭合在一起能引起燃烧和爆炸,于是发明了火药。有人将火药装在竹筒里燃放,声音更大,使得火烧竹子这一古老习俗发生了根本变化。北宋时,民间已经出现了用卷纸裹着火药的燃放物,还有丹响和双响的区别,改名“爆仗”,后又改为“鞭炮”。

  春节的传说
  农历正月初一是春节,又叫阴历(农历)年,俗称“过年”。这是我国民间最隆重、最热闹的一个古老传统节日。春节的历史很悠久,它起源于殷商时期年头岁尾的祭神祭祖活动。有关年的传说也很多。古代的春节叫“元日”、“元旦”、“新年”。辛亥革命后,才将农历正月初一正式定名为春节。春节是汉族最重要的节日。然而,我国是个多民族的国家,除汉族外,还有满、蒙古,瑶、壮、白、高山、赫哲、哈尼、达斡尔、侗、黎等十几个少数民族也有过春节的习俗。
  春节的传说
  相传,中国古时候有一种叫“年”的怪兽,头长触角,凶猛异常。“年”长年深居海底,每到除夕才爬上岸,吞食牲畜伤害人命。因此,每到除夕这天,村村寨寨的人们扶老携幼逃往深山,以躲避“年”兽的伤害。有一年除夕,从村外来了个乞讨的老人。乡亲们一片匆忙恐慌景象,只有村东头一位老婆婆给了老人些食物,并劝他快上山躲避“年”兽,那老人捋髯笑道:“婆婆若让我在家呆一夜,我一定把‘年'兽撵走。”老婆婆仍然继续劝说,乞讨老人笑而不语。
  半夜时分,“年”兽闯进村。它发现村里气氛与往年不同:村东头老婆婆家,门贴大红纸,屋内烛火通明。“年”兽浑身一抖,怪叫了一声。将近门口时,院内突然传来“砰砰啪啪”的炸响声,“年”浑身战栗,再不敢往前凑了。原来,“年”最怕红色、火光和炸响。这时,婆婆的家门大开,只见院内一位身披红袍的老人在哈哈大笑。“年”大惊失色,狼狈逃蹿了。
  第二天是正月初一,避难回来的人们见村里安然无恙十分惊奇。这时,老婆婆才恍然大悟,赶忙向乡亲们述说了乞讨老人的许诺。这件事很快在周围村里传开了,人们都知道了驱赶“年”兽的办法。从此每年除夕,家家贴红对联、燃放爆竹;户户烛火通明、守更待岁。初一一大早,还要走亲串友道喜问好。这风俗越传越广,成了中国民间最隆重的传统节日。
  漫长的历史岁月使年俗活动内容变得异常丰富多彩。其中,那些敬天祭神的迷信内容,已逐渐被淘汰,而那些富有生活情趣的内容,像贴春联、贴年画、贴“福”字、剪窗花、蒸年糕、包饺子、燃爆竹、除夕守夜、拜年等习俗至今仍很盛行。我国最早的春联,是五代时期孟昶写在桃木板上的:“新年纳余庆,嘉节号长春”。
  年画源于唐朝的门神,它和燃爆竹一样,在古代都是用来驱鬼避邪的,现在却成了专为增加喜庆气氛的习俗了。贴“福”字在宋朝以前就有了,人们把写在红方纸上的“福”字,故意倒贴在门、窗、家俱上,取其“福到(倒)了”之意。
  除夕守岁是最重要的年俗,这在魏晋时期就有记载。除夕晚上,与家老小熬年守岁,欢聚酣饮,共享天伦之乐,这是炎黄子孙至今仍很重视的年俗。待第一声鸡啼之后,新的一年开始了,男女老少均着节日盛装,先给家族中的长者拜年祝寿,然后走亲串友,相互道贺祝福。此时的神州大地,处处闪光溢彩,从初一到十五,人们一至沉浸在欢乐、祥和、文明的节日气氛中。

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