氯离子和铬酸根离子遇银离子哪个先沉淀?为什么?

2025年04月04日 17:06
有2个网友回答
网友(1):

氯离子先沉淀。

^AgCl 的Ksp=[Ag+][Cl-]=1.8×10-10,出现沉淀时[Cl-]=1.34x10^-5molL-,Ag2CrO4的 ksp=[CrO42-][Ag+]^2=1.2×10–12,出现沉淀时[CrO42-]=1.06x10^-4molL-,这样说AgCl先生成沉淀。

扩展资料:

检验氯离子的化学方程式

Ag+Cl=AgCl↓,通常在初中检验氯离子都用硝酸银,因为初中所学的氯化盐中,生成沉淀的只有氯化银,其他的都溶于水,而银不容易被腐蚀,只能用硝酸。

另外补充一些检验其他的酸根离子的方法:

硫酸根:Ba2+SO4=BaSO4↓,钡离子加硫酸根离子生成白色沉淀硫化钡。

碳酸根:Ca2+CO3=CaCO3↓,钙离子加碳酸根离子生成白色沉淀碳酸钙。

网友(2):

这个要根据各离子浓度,根据离子积计算式来具体计算
AgCl,Ksp=1.77×10^-10=c(Ag+)x c(Cl-)
Ag2CrO4,Ksp=9×10^-12= c(Ag+)^2 x c(CrO42-)

比如同是 c(Cl-)=c(CrO42-)=0.1molL-

AgCl,Ksp=1.77×10^-10=c(Ag+)x 0.1 计算出cAg+=1.77x10^-9 , Ag+浓度等于1.77x10^-9molL-时饱和,大于1.77x10^-9molL-即产生沉淀

Ag2CrO4,Ksp=9×10^-12= c(Ag+)^2 x 0.1 计算出cAg+=9.5x10^-6, Ag+浓度等于9.5x10^-6molL-时饱和,大于9.5x10^-6molL-即产生沉淀

这样同是 c(Cl-)=c(CrO42-)=0.1molL- AgCl先沉淀

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