有1个网友回答
一、疾病是邪正相争的一个过程,疾病的痊愈与死亡,取决于邪正斗争的胜负,正能胜邪则生,邪胜正衰则死。
二、指出阴阳交、风厥、劳风、肾风等四种热病的原因、病理、症状、治法及预后。
三、邪气侵犯人体,必定先有正气的不足之处。
【原文】黄帝问曰:有病温者,汗出辄复热,而脉躁疾,不为汗衰,狂言不能食,病名为何?岐伯对曰:病名阴阳交,交者死也。帝曰:愿闻其说。岐伯曰:人所以汗出者,皆生于谷,谷生于精。今邪气交争于骨肉而得汗者,是邪却而精胜也。精胜,则当能食而不复热。复热者,邪气也。汗者,精气也。今汗出而辄复热者,是邪胜也。不能食者,精无俾也。病而留者,其寿可立而倾也。且夫《热论》曰:汗出而脉尚躁盛者死。今脉不与汗相应,此不能其病也,其死明矣。狂言者,是失志,失志者死。今见三死,不见一生,虽愈必死也。
帝曰:有病身热,汗出烦满,烦满不为汗解,此为何病?岐伯曰:汗出而身热者,风也;汗出而烦满不解者,厥也,病名日风厥。帝曰:愿卒闻之。岐伯曰:巨阳主气,故先受邪,少阴与其为表里也,得热则上从之,从之则厥也。帝曰:治之奈何?岐伯曰:表里刺之,饮之服汤。
帝曰:劳风为病何如?岐伯曰:劳风法在肺下。其为病也,使人强上冥视,唾出若涕,恶风而振寒,此为劳风之病。帝曰:治之奈何?岐伯曰:以救俯仰。巨阳引精者三日,中年者五日,不精者七日。咳出青黄涕,其状如脓,大如弹丸,从口中若鼻中出,不出则伤肺,伤肺则死也。
帝曰:有病肾风者,面胕痝然壅,害于言,可刺否?岐伯曰:虚不当刺。不当刺而刺,后五日其气必至。帝曰:其至何如?岐伯曰:至必少气时热,时热从胸背上至头,汗出,手热,口干苦渴,小便黄,目下肿,腹中鸣,身重难以行,月事不来,烦而不能食,不能正偃,正偃则咳,病名日风水,论在《刺法》中。
帝曰:愿闻其说。岐伯曰:邪之所凑,其气必虚。阴虚者阳必凑之,故少气时热而汗出也。小便黄者,少腹中有热也。不能正偃者,胃中不和也。正偃则咳甚,上迫肺也。诸有水气者,微肿先见于目下也。帝曰:何以言?岐伯曰:水者阴也,目下亦阴也,腹者至阴之所居,故水在腹者,必使目下肿也。真气上逆,故口苦舌干,卧不得正偃,正偃则咳出清水也。诸水病者,故不得卧,卧则惊,惊则咳甚也。腹中鸣者,病本于胃也。薄脾则烦不能食,食不下者,胃脘隔也。身重难以行者,胃脉在足也。月事不来者,胞脉闭也。胞脉者属心而络于胞中。今气上迫肺,心气不得下通,故月事不来也。帝曰:善。
【译文】黄帝问道:有的温热病患者,汗出以后,随即又发热,脉象急疾躁动,其病势不仅没有因汗出而衰减,反而出现言语狂乱,不进饮食等症状,这叫什么病?岐伯回答说:这种病叫阴阳交,阴阳交是死症。黄帝说:我想听听其中的道理。岐伯说:人所以能够出汗,是依赖于水谷所化生的精气,水谷之精气旺盛,便能胜过邪气而汗出,现在邪气与正气交争于骨肉之间,能够得到汗出的是邪气退而精气胜,精气胜的应当能进饮食而不再发热。复发热是邪气尚留,汗出是精气胜邪,现在汗出后又复发热,是邪气胜过精气。不进饮食,则精气得不到继续补益,邪热又逗留不去,这样发展下去,病人的生命就会立即发生危险。《热论》中也曾说:汗出而脉仍躁盛,是死证。现在其脉象不与汗出相应,是精气已经不能胜过邪气,死亡的征象已是很明显的了。况且狂言乱语是神志失常,神志失常是死证。现在已出现了三种死证,却没有一点生机,病虽可能因汗出而暂时减轻,但终究是要死亡的。
黄帝说:有的病全身发热,汗出,烦闷,其烦闷并不因汗出而缓解,这是什么病呢?岐伯说:汗出而全身发热,是因感受了风邪;烦闷不解,是由于下气上逆所致,病名叫风厥。黄帝说:希望你能详尽地讲给我听。岐伯说:太阳为诸阳主气,主人一身之表,所以太阳首先感受风邪的侵袭。少阴与太阳相为表里,表病则里必应之,少阴受太阳发热的影响,其气亦从之而上逆,上逆便成为厥。黄帝说:怎么治疗呢?岐伯说:治疗时应并刺太阳、少阴表里两经,即刺太阳以泻风热之邪,刺少阴以降上逆之气,并内服汤药。
黄帝说:劳风的病情是怎样的呢?岐伯说:劳风的受邪部位常在肺下,其发病的症状,使人头项强直,头目昏眩而视物不清,唾出粘痰似涕,恶风而寒栗,这就是劳风病的发病情况。黄帝说:怎样冶疗呢?岐伯说:首先应使其胸中通畅,俯仰自如。肾精充盛的青年人,太阳之气能引肾精外布,则水能济火,经适当治疗,可三日而愈;中年人精气稍衰,须五日可愈;老年人精气已衰,水不济火,须七日始愈。这种病人,咳出青黄色粘痰,其状似脓,凝结成块,大小如弹丸,应使痰从口中或鼻中排出,如果不能咳出,就要伤其肺,肺伤则死。
黄帝说:有患肾风的人,面部浮肿,目下壅起,妨害言语,这种病可以用针刺治疗吗?岐伯说:虚证不能用刺。如果不应当刺而误刺,必伤其真气,使其脏气虚,五天以后,则病气复至而病势加重。黄帝说:病气至时情况怎样呢?岐伯说:病气至时,病人必感到少气,时发热,时常觉得热从胸背上至头,汗出手热,口中干渴,小便色黄,目下浮肿,腹中鸣响,身体沉重,行动困难。如患者是妇女则月经闲止,心烦而不能饮食,不能仰卧,仰卧就咳嗽的很厉害,此病叫风水,在《刺法》中有所论述。
黄帝说:我想听听其中的道理。岐伯说:邪气之所以能够侵犯人体,是由于其正气先虚。肾脏属阴,风邪属阳。肾阴不足,风阳便乘虚侵入,所以呼吸少气,时时发热而汗出。小便色黄,是因为腹中有热。不能仰卧,是因为水气上乘于胃,而胃中不和。仰卧则咳嗽加剧,是因为水气上迫于肺。凡是有水气病的,目下部先出现微肿。黄帝说:为什么?岐伯说:水是属阴的,目下也是属阴的部位,腹部也是至阴所在之处,所以腹中有水的,必使目下部位微肿。水邪之气上泛凌心,迫使脏真心火之气上逆,所以口苦咽干,不能仰卧,仰卧则水气上逆而咳出清水。凡是有水气病的人,都因水气上乘于胃而不能卧,卧则水气上凌于心而惊,逆于肺则咳嗽加剧。腹中鸣响,是胃肠中有水气窜动,其病本在于胃。若水迫于脾,则心烦不能食。饮食不进,是水气阻隔于胃脘。身体沉重而行动困难,是因为胃的经脉下行于足部,水气随经下流所致。妇女月经不来,是因为水气阻滞,胞脉闭塞不通的缘故。胞脉属于心而下络于胞中,现水气上迫于肺,使心气不得下通,所以胞脉闭而月经不来。黄帝说:好。
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