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能在乱战纷争的东汉末年,担任一州州牧,那可都不是省油的灯,即便是被《三国演义》塑造成老好人的徐州州牧陶谦,也是如此。在陶谦最后的那段日子里,陶谦三次向刘备提出,要把徐州交给刘备,由刘备来担任徐州的下一任这州牧。而刘备呢,内心里是超级想要,但表面上还得推辞一番,于是便有了陶谦三让徐州的典故。

但是别忘了,陶谦是有两个儿子的。所谓子承父业,更何况还是徐州这么大的一块地盘,陶谦他为何不把徐州交给自己的儿子,反而是将徐州交给一个外人?没办法,也正如陶谦所说的,自己的两个儿子实在是不堪重用,外有强敌内有忧患,倒不如将徐州这个烫手洋芋让给刘备,省得自己死后,让一堆的麻烦找上自己的后人。

一,默默无闻的陶谦后人陶谦有两个儿子,陶商和陶应。历史上关于这两人的记载很少,向裴松之注的《吴书》中,就只有这一句话:谦二子,商、应,皆不仕。由此便可看出,陶谦的这两个儿子一般般,也没做出什么成绩。不然的话,靠着自家父亲的这棵大树,怎么说也能做出点能被史书记载的事情。才不配位,如果陶谦硬要让自己的儿子担任徐州州牧,那下场会十分悲惨的。不说刘备,单单是徐州本地的士族,各种手段就足以控制住陶谦的儿子,让这个新的州牧成为士族们的傀儡。

还有徐州的军队。陶谦在世的时候,都能发生手下军队杀死曹操父母的事情。那等陶谦去世,徐州的军队又会搞出哪些幺蛾子?当然了,陶谦当了这么多年的徐州牧,军队中肯定有一支绝对忠诚于他,战斗力又极强的精锐,那便是丹阳兵。但是十分尴尬的是,曹操攻打徐州的时候,陶谦竟然把丹阳兵送给了刘备。在这种自家孩子能力一般,徐州士族不会全心全意的辅佐,又无法掌控军队,换做任何一个人,都不会,也不敢将徐州交给自己的孩子。

二,徐州的内部情况陶谦是通过镇压黄巾起义、安抚徐州各大世家,这才坐稳徐州州牧的。但是到后期,徐州的不少士族和陶谦的关系也不再那么密切,典型的就像是陈登倒向了刘备,曹豹将自己的女儿嫁给了吕布。试想,如果他们依旧是紧紧着围绕着陶谦,怎么可能会这么做?

而且因为陶谦的好心办坏事导致徐州被曹操屠城,这让陶谦不仅失去很多士族,甚至还失去许多徐州百姓的信任。但是呢,这却造就了刘备在徐州的威望。在徐州的士族和百姓看来刘备是雪中送炭,对他们是有着救命之恩。再加上刘备的名声一向仁义,又自称是汉室宗亲,自然而然的收拢了一大票人心。在人心倒向刘备的情况下,陶谦也只能选择顺从。

三,徐州的外部情况陶谦是公元194年去世的,那时候的枭雄有袁绍、袁术、曹操、吕布、李傕、郭汜等等,都是陶谦都那他们没办法的从存在,就更不要说他那两个不成器的儿子了。更何况,因为有着杀父之仇,曹操老是想着要如何占领徐州。而徐州本身就因为战略位置十分重要,这便引得周边的袁绍、吕布、袁术,也想着攻占徐州。可以说,只要陶谦去世,徐州没有一个镇得住场面的人,那战争便会来临。

就这么的,两个儿子不成器,徐州内部局势不稳,外部又有强敌觊觎,人心又倒向了刘备,为了家族的延续,为了后人们能有一个好的结局,即便陶谦再怎么不想,也只能将偌大的家业交给刘备。至少将徐州交给刘备,能保住徐州的平安。而刘备也会看在他礼让徐州的份上庇护陶家。也因此,陶谦三让徐州给刘备,既是真心礼让,但也是无奈之举。
我个人觉得并不是真心实意,而是他被当时的形势所迫不得不那样做所造成的结果。
陶谦是真心把徐州给刘备的,因为当时陶谦自己也守不住徐州,还不如给刘备,谋求点职位和钱财。
是的,他知道刘备很有才能,能够守护好徐州的老百姓。
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