在底基层,基层施工前,都应先摊铺不小于单幅多少m的试验路段

2025年04月05日 16:17
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1施工放样按设计铺筑宽度标划施工大样线,对调控点、变坡点等特殊点作出明显的标识,用石灰标出每台摊铺机行车线,下面层采用每台摊铺机走双基准线的方式控制纵、横坡度,以确保平整度。即在路面两边悬挂钢丝基准线,在摊铺机的另一边按挂线标高每5m间隔摆放承插式铝合金基准梁。在铺段每10m设一基准线立柱,按施工标高悬挂基准线,确保基准线立柱牢固,不得松动。为保证基准线紧绷,紧线器上安装测力装置,使基准线拉力不小于800N,下垂度不大于1mm,并使紧线器的间距不大于200m。使用的基准线钢丝绳直径不大于3mm,以2~2.5mm为宜。在路面横坡变化处、较小平曲线内等特殊地段,视具体情况,基准线立柱间距加密到5m。在基准线悬挂后,由专人对基准线标高进行复测,在施工中随时检测基准线标高。粗粒式沥青混凝土下面层以路缘石边缘线作为施工大样线,按厚度和横坡控制摊铺,即在摊铺机上安装浮动基准梁控制高程和厚度。浮动基准梁长12m,为定型产品,用已铺筑的基层作为基准面,采用多点均衡原理,可以纠正基层中平整度不足的地方,以提高平整度。2.2透层沥青和粘层沥青的洒布透层和粘层沥青均采用沥青洒布车喷洒,其用量为透层沥青1.1kg·m2,粘层沥青0.9~1.0kg·m2。在正式洒布前,通过试洒确定洒布量是否控制准确。用大托盘测试计算每平方米洒布量,如洒布量大于或小于设计用量,应反复调整沥青喷嘴大小和车速,直至符合要求。在正式洒布时,按试洒确定的喷嘴大小和车速一次浇洒均匀。对边角地带,路缘石及井壁等构造物外侧洒布不到的地方,人工利用喷枪补洒或涂刷。洒布透层沥青时,如基层完成时间较长,表面过分干燥,则应对基层清扫干净后,在基层表面少量洒水,并使表面稍干后浇洒透层沥青。为确保透层沥青充分渗透,并使乳化沥青水分蒸发,完全破乳,透层沥青应在沥青碎石层施工前至少24h浇洒,浇洒后即洒布用量2~5m3.1000m2的石屑,并用轻碾稳压一遍。当风力过大或气候连续3h低于15℃时不得进行喷洒,当即将降雨或基层面潮湿时不得喷洒。对于粘层沥青,在乳化沥青破乳、水分蒸发后即可进行沥青混合料的摊铺。2.3配合比确定在路面每层正式大规模施工前,先铺200m试验路段,以验证预定的施工方案是否可行,机械设备是否配套适用,操作工艺是否满足要求,从而确定大规模施工中所采用的虚铺系数、沥青混合料各阶段应控制的温度、拌和时间、矿料级配、沥青用量、摊铺速度、压路机类型、压实工艺、碾压速度及遍数等技术参数,并对施工方案、机械组合、操作工艺等进行修正。在试验路段施工前,必须完成沥青混合料目标配合比设计和生产配合比调试工作。(1)目标配合比设计由工地试验室进行。由于工程区域内石料大部分为酸性石料,因此应先确定矿料配合比,使初配的矿料合成级配接近规范要求的中值,后确定沥青用量,根据参考沥青用量选定一个接近中值的百分比,再上下变化两组沥青用量,每组间隔0.3%。用控温自动小型沥青混合料拌和机拌制混合料,按照试验操作规程要求制作5组试件,进行马歇尔试验、浸水马歇尔试验,根据各项试验指标综合确定最佳沥青用量,并进行车辙试验以验证所确定的矿料级配和最佳沥青用量。(2)生产配合比调试按照目标配合比,在试验室监控下由拌和厂进行实际试拌。在试拌前,对沥青拌和设备的计量系统、测温系统、沥青喷洒量等功能部位进行校核,确认各部件运转正常、计量准确后,根据目标配合比及对冷料仓流量测试结果,先行调试各冷料,再对拌和设备二次筛分后进入各热料仓的材料取样筛分,重新合成材料配比以达到较优曲线,以此确定各热料仓的材料比例。干拌合成料后进行筛分验证,同时反复调整冷料比例,达到供料均衡,以此确定生产配合比,取目标配合比最佳沥青用量及最佳沥青用量±0.3%三种沥青用量试拌进行观察比较,并以各种试拌沥青混合料制作试件进行马歇尔试验,综合选定满足规范各项指标要求的最佳生产用沥青用量。在试拌时,应严格控制原材料加热温度,沥青导热油提前一天加热,普通AH270沥青加热温度控制在150~170℃,矿料(不含矿粉)。

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