E(|X1-u|)=∫(负无穷~正无穷) {1/根号(2πo^2)}|x1-u|e^{-(x1-u)^2/2o^2)}
(x1-u)/(根号2o^2)=t
dx1=dt*o*根号2
E(|X1-u|)=(1/根号π) ∫(负无穷~正无穷) |t|e^(-t^2)*o根号2 dt
={o根号(2/π)} 2*∫(0~无穷) te^(-t^2) dt
=2o根号(2/π) (-e^(-t^2)/2) (0~无穷)
=o根号(2/π) (-0+1)
=o根号(2/π)
故E(o一横)=o
2)
E|Xi-u|=o根号(2/π),对於所有i属於1~n
E(Σ|Xi-u|)=no根号(2/π)
kE(Σ|Xi-u|)=o
所以
k=根号(π/2)/n
D(o一横)=(π/2)*D|X1-u|=(π/2)D|X-u|
D(^o)=k^2D(Σ|Xi-u|)=nk^2D|X-u|
nk^2=n*(π/2)/n^2=π/2n
n是>=1的整数
故
nk^2<π/2
故D(^o)