请问埙和箫在性格,音色,内涵方面有什么差异?

2025年03月27日 18:28
有2个网友回答
网友(1):

  埙的音色幽深、悲凄、哀婉、绵绵不绝,具有一种独特的音乐品质。也许正是埙这种特殊音色,古人在长期的艺术感受与比较中,就赋予了埙和埙的演奏一种神圣、典雅、神秘、高贵的精神气质。《乐书》说:“埙之为器,立秋之音也。平底六孔,水之数也。中虚上锐,火之形也。埙以水火相和而后成器,亦以水火相和而后成声。故大者声合黄钟大吕,小者声合太簇夹钟,要皆中声之和而已”。

  古人将埙的声音形容为立秋之音,更使我们体会到一幅朦胧而另人神往的艺术画面:秋天是金黄色的,是冷静的,是另人深思的,时光流逝,又有一种淡淡的悲凄和感伤。秋风扫落叶的现实,又使人平添几分愁绪。这就是埙的声音,这就是立秋之音。

  中国古人吹埙,吹了几千年,其声浊而喧喧然,寄托了古代文人雅士面对时光长河流逝如斯的失落感,但时光仍在无情地推进;中国古人吹埙,吹了几千年,其声悲而幽幽然,融汇了古代墨客骚人们对封闭而沉重的中国历史无可奈何的批判精神,但历史仍然在按中国既定的轨迹运行。从某种意义上说,埙,不是一般用来把玩的乐器,埙是一件沉思的乐器,怀古的乐器,这就难怪它?“质厚之德,圣人贵焉”了。

网友(2):

高古雅逸的埙 朱秀坤

埙,本质上是高古沧桑的,是凄清孤寂的,是远绝尘俗的,是神秘苍凉的。

七窍玲珑心,悠悠凄绝意。这说的就是埙,远古而有着几分神秘的埙。

最初是从贾平凹的小说《废都》中知道埙的。凄清悲凉的埙声贯穿全书的始终,将充溢于废都的那种古远而压抑的氛围表现得淋漓尽致。当时并不知道埙究竟是什么样子,只知道它由陶土烧成,有几千年历史,是最古老的吹奏乐器。后来看张艺谋的电影《大红灯笼高高挂》,其中有个情节:雪夜,冷月,阴森老宅,影片女主角彷徨在骑楼之上,镜头拉远,再拉远,色调只剩下夜的蓝与黑,这时音乐响起来了,幽深、悲凄、哀婉、绵绵不绝,我一听,就知道是埙音,唯有埙才能发出那种玄幽的声音,如生命的呜咽。

再次听到埙是在广播里,是埙独奏的东北民歌《摇篮曲》,却没了那种凄寒与悲切,只有夜的静谧与母爱的温馨,缥缈空灵,如梦如幻,极像母亲用鼻音在哼唱,让人不知不觉就想到了酣睡的婴儿,想到了灯下摇篮的安宁以及那给了我们太多美好回忆的童年生活。也许这是个特例,埙曲一向给人的感觉是清冷与哀婉的。

比较典型的埙曲是《苏武牧羊》,开头一声高亢的长音,满含着伤感之情,又低回下来,婉转开去。那调子我是熟悉的,小时候就听老师用其他乐器演奏过。同是这支曲子,一经埙演奏,更加悲苦、凄凉、孤独、忧伤,含着深深的思念,那思念当然是对中原的亲人和对家国的眷恋、对往昔的追忆引发的。埙曲缠绵萦回,在悲戚的空气里回荡,表述了一个有气节的臣子,是如何度过一个个冰冷的夜晚的。在那里,陪伴他的除了洁白的羊,也就是蔚蓝的海了。无边的寂寞,无尽的痛楚,一只朴拙古老的埙,极好地诠释了苏武心底的伤与周边的冷,呜咽之声不绝如缕,却又让人止不住一听再听。

《乐书》上说:“埙之为器,立秋之音也。”著名埙曲《秋风》正好赋予了埙音的至情至性、至纯至美。那天籁一般的埙音一经吹奏出来,马上就让人联想到秋风的清,秋月的凉,秋水的寒,秋露的亮。哦,秋叶落下来了,满地的金黄,萧瑟秋风中,一树一树的红叶与黄叶在随风飘舞,那碧蓝的天,洁白的云,秋虫的呢喃,秋花的灿烂,让人心中顿起爽朗清隽之感。用带着泥土芳香的埙表现秋风,虽有着一怀愁绪,令人联想到光阴易逝的无奈,却更能让人体味到一种肃穆与旷古之情,一种对生命的彻悟。这就是埙的声音,立秋之音啊。

我真正见到埙,是在江南古镇千灯。镇上的小贩在杏花疏影里得意洋洋地吹着一个梨形的陶器(后来知道埙还有卵形、椭圆形、鱼形、帽形、肚兜形、瓜果形、生肖形等)。其上有七个孔,涂了出土文物上惯有的象形图案,更显得古朴、浑厚,这就是埙。我终是没有买,依我的理解,埙这样的远古乐器,是一种怀古的乐器,一种供沉思的乐器,而不是一种可以随意把玩的乐器,毕竟埙本质上是高古沧桑的,是凄清孤寂的,是远绝尘俗的,是神秘苍凉的。我更喜欢从网上下载一段名家吹奏的埙曲,让那幽幽古韵涤去心灵的浮躁,使灵魂进入一种疏旷典雅的境界,获得片刻的清与静。

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