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达尔文进化论认为,人是由猿的一支演化而来的,人的形体也是演化而成,如四肢,由于常用前肢携物、劳动,后肢就承担了行走的任务,逐渐就进化到直立行走.有人根据这个学说,甚至推测人的祖先是一只断了前肢的“病猴”.前肢既断只好用后肢行走,进而将这个特点遗传给后代,逐渐演化成人.然而,很多绝非动物所为的人类史之前的遗物遗迹,用进化论观点根本无法解释,新的人类起源假说就应运而生.太空人基因与雌猿结合的杂交说.某些娇小恐龙是人类祖先的恐龙起源说.人是太空人的合成品的合成说.来自海洋生物的海洋生成说.这些假说面无惧色地向进化论提出了挑战,使深入人心的进化论产生了动摇.这种动摇,主要来自于进化论自身的缺陷,人们看清了进化论很多地方不能自圆其说.对于人类起源问题,历来纷争不止,回顾历史,我们不难看出争论的实质所在,即一次性生成还是逐渐演化而来.在神话与宗教中,人都是被神一次性造出来的.而在现代科学中,人是自然演化而来的,是自然界的宠儿.纵观现在人类起源假说,其实质仍是“一次性”与“进化论”的争论,这是问题的症结所在.在众多的假说中,附议“一次性”的,还仅仅只有合成说,但也不是全部,其余假说,不管杂交说、恐龙起源说、海洋起源说等,分析起来,都属“进化论”范畴,仍没能脱离“逐渐演化”的巢臼,与“进化论”的区别仅在于“种子”的不同罢了.人是由猿进化而来的 达尔文,一个伟大者的名字.他出生于英国南安普特郡,从小热爱大自然.1831年,他以植物学家的身份参加了海军“贝格尔”号的环球旅行.他对热带与亚热带的动植物进行了广泛的考察.1836年回国以后,潜心从事科学实验和著述,写成了《物种起源》一书.书中认为,物种的形成及其适应性和多样性主要在于自然选择,生物为适应自然环境和彼此竞争而不断发生变异.适于生存的变异,通过遗传而逐代加强,反之则被淘汰,归纳起来就是：物竟天择,适者生存,优胜劣汰.他还将进化论用于动物及人类,阐明了人类在动物界的位置及其由动物进化而来的根据,得出了人类起源于古猿的结论.人和现代的类人猿是由共同的祖先——森林古猿进化来的.森林古猿最初在茂密的森林里过树上生活.后来,部分地区的气候变得干燥了,森林减少了,那里的森林古猿被迫下地来生活,逐渐发展成为现代的人类.赤道附近的古猿,仍然生活在森林里,它们逐渐进化成为现代的类人猿.森林古猿进化成为人类,是一个漫长的过程,恩格斯对这个进化过程作了解释.恩格斯指出,下地来生活的古猿,它们用后肢走路,用前肢来取食物,用树枝或石块来防御敌害.在运用这些天然工具的过程中,逐渐学会了制造简单的工具.这样,人的祖先就有了劳动.由于劳动,手便得到进一步的发展和改善.同时,也引起了身体其他器官的变化,特别是大脑得到高度的发展.在劳动过程中,产生了语言和意识,建立了社会.于是,劳动就使森林古猿变成了人.
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