(1) 用高斯定理容易求出:E = 0 , (r < R)E = λ / (2 π ε0 r) , (r >= R) (2)由 U = ∫(r, R) E·dr 得U = 0 , (r < R)U = λ / (2 π ε0 ) * ln(R/r) , (r >= R)