如何改良盐渍化的土壤?

2025年04月06日 15:50
有3个网友回答
网友(1):

  1、水利工程改良,合理灌溉降低突然水分蒸发。

  2、通过土壤耕作增施有机肥改良土壤理化性质,施用农家肥和植物残体等改良土壤的方法在生产实践中已经广泛应用。

  3、深翻和轮作。深翻使表层与深层土壤充分混合,可以有效预防或缓解土壤的次生盐渍化进程,轮作对恢复地力、减轻植物生理性病害和病菌引起的病害都有显著的作用

  4、施用微生物菌肥,可通过生物改良方式改善土壤。目前生物改良是行之有效,环保、经济的理想方法。

  ①微生物菌肥不仅改善土壤的理化结构,而且增加土壤团聚体,土壤的渗透性增强。

  ②通过施入微生物菌肥,改善了土壤中的环境特征,土壤结构和坚实度提高,有利于减少土壤表面水分蒸发,从而盐分离子在表面聚集减少,含盐量降低。

  ③微生物菌肥通过大量繁殖,促进了土壤中有机质的释放,有机质的增加不仅改善土壤的理化结构,而且增加土壤团聚粒,改善土壤肥沃度。

  ④微生物菌肥可以活化土壤,减少养分固定或流失,利于土壤里面沉积的营养离子,提高化肥利用率,改善板结的同时,节省化肥.

网友(2):

土壤次生盐渍化的形成很大程度上给地下水带来诸多影响。由于地下水超采使地下水位持续下降,沿渤海、黄海的沙质和基岩裂隙海岸地带,发生海水入侵,在有咸水分布的地区出现咸水边界向淡水区移动。例如,山东沿海地区由于地下水位大幅度下降,涞州湾形成面积为11,400km2的地下水位下降漏斗,其中地下水位在海平面以下的面积为2400km2,1988年漏斗中心地下水位在海平面以下20m,造成涞州湾海水入侵地下水含水层,海水入侵的面积达730.7km2。山东省的烟台、威海、和青岛市也发生了海水入侵。地下水位的下降也造成辽宁省大连市、锦州、锦西、营口市,和河北秦皇岛市的海水入侵和水质恶化。1992年辽宁省海水入侵面积达434km2,秦皇岛市达55.4km2。在广西省北海市的海城区和涠州岛都曾由于长期超采地下水引起海水入侵,造成水质恶化

网友(3):

有关设施土壤次生盐渍化的研究一直受到专家学者的普遍重视,现已提出了一些相应的改良措施,如深耕客土、灌水洗盐,地膜覆盖,生物除盐,精确滴灌,增施有机肥,施用土壤改良剂,筛选和培育抗盐基因型植物等措施,然而其中生物改良则具有重要的现实意义,其中有一项就是使用微生物菌肥。

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