1炎症因子与炎症介质的关系?他们是同一个概念吗?.2炎症标记物的定义?
有1个网友回答
炎症是具有血管系统的活体组织对损伤因子所发生的复杂的防御反应。炎症的中心环节是血管反应,即:液体和白细胞的渗出。
病因
生物因子(最常见)、物理因子、化学因子、组织坏死、变态反应。
炎症的基本病理变化
1. 变质:局部实质和间质细胞的变性坏死
2. 渗出:炎症局部组织的血管内的液体、纤维蛋白原等蛋白和各种白细胞从血管内到达血管外的过程。
3. 增生:炎症局部实质细胞和间质细胞的增生。
三种基本病变的关系:
1.变质、渗出和增生在每一种炎症中同时出现,其中渗出是炎症最具特征性的变化,在炎症局部发挥着重要的防御作用。
2.有些炎症以其中的一种病变为主:变质性炎,渗出性炎,增生性炎.
四.炎症的过程(以急性炎症为例)
1.炎症时的血流动力学改变(血管变化): 细动脉短暂收缩→血管扩张和血流加速→血管通透性增加→含血浆蛋白的液体渗出→血流速度变慢以至停滞→血细胞从轴流进入边流。
2.血管通透性增加的机制:1)血管内皮细胞收缩。2)血管内皮细胞损伤。3)新生毛细血管通透性高。4)血管基底膜受损
3.白细胞的渗出(细胞变化): 炎症反应最重要的功能是将炎症细胞输送到炎症灶,白细胞的渗出是炎症反应最重要的指征。渗出步骤 白细胞的渗出是个复杂的连续过程,它包括白细胞边集→黏附→游出→趋化作用→
A) 边集:白细胞进入边流,在与内皮细胞表面滚动前进。此步骤使白细胞和内皮细胞表面的黏附分子的表达增加,亲和性增强。
B) 黏着:靠着细胞表面的黏附分子白细胞黏附在内皮细胞表面。
白细胞:整合素。
内皮细胞:E选择素和免疫球蛋白超家族
C) 游出:白细胞在内皮细胞连接处伸出伪足,整个细胞以阿米巴运动方式,从内皮细胞之间的连接处中逸出的。这是一个主动游出过程。
D) 趋化作用:白细胞在趋化因子的作用下向炎症局部做单一定向的运动。
白细胞在局部的吞噬作用()
4.白细胞在局部的吞噬作用
中性粒细胞和吞噬细胞课吞噬和降解细菌、免疫复合物和坏死组织碎片,构成炎症反应的主要防御环节。
吞噬步骤:识别(调理素)→附着→吞入(吞噬溶酶体)→杀伤和降解(依赖氧和不依赖氧的机制)
五.炎性介质的作用
作用 主要炎性介质种类
血管扩张 组胺、缓激肽、PGE2、PGD2、PGF2、PGh、NO
血管通透性增高 组胺、缓激肽、C3a、C5a、LTC4 LTD4、LTE4、PAF、P物质、活性氧代谢产物
粘附分子 选择蛋白类、Ig类、整合蛋白类、粘液样糖蛋白类
趋化因子
细苗产物、白三烯B4、C52、中性细胞阳离子蛋白、细胞因子(ILs、TNF
调理素 Fc、C3b
发热 IL-1、IL-6、TNF、PG
疼痛 PGE2、缓激肽
组织损伤 氧自由基、溶酶体酶、NO
炎症标记物的定义类似标记物的概念,只是用来鉴别或者是观察其的一种化学物质。(这个没有查到准确信息)
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