<<玄石戒酒>>的译文

2025年03月23日 15:59
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玄石1好酒

昔者,玄石好酒,为酒困2。五脏熏灼3,肌骨蒸煮如裂,百药不能救。三日而后释4,谓其人曰5:“吾今而后知酒可以丧人也,吾不敢复饮矣!”居6不能阅7月,同饮8至,曰9:“试尝之。”始而三爵止10,明日11而五之,又明日十之,又明日而12大爵,忘其故13,死矣!

(明)刘基《郁离子》卷七

简注:

1.玄石:刘玄石,《搜神记》中人物,传说他曾喝过“千日酒”后千日不醒。2.为酒困:困,陷在艰难痛苦或无法摆脱的环境中。为酒困,指因酗酒而陷于痛苦中。3.熏灼:烧灼、火烫,喻酒之伤害力。4.释:消除、解除。5.谓其人曰:对别人说。6.居:停止、止息。7.阅:经历。8.同饮:往日酒友。9.曰:(酒友劝他)说。10.始而三爵止:爵(jué),古代酒器。被劝复饮后第一天喝了三杯就不喝了。11.明日:第二天。12.大爵:用大杯,指没有节制地喝。13.忘其故:忘了他上次(的教训)。

译文:

从前,玄石酗酒,有一次喝醉了,五脏如同被烧灼火烫,肌肤骨头如同被蒸煮得要断裂,没有什么药可以解救,三天后才得以脱离生命危险。他对别人说:“我这下才知道酒可以让人喝死,我不敢再饮酒了!”过了不到一个月,他的酒友来到,劝他说:“试着少喝点酒。”于是,他喝了三杯。第二天他喝了五杯,再后一天喝了十杯,再后一天干脆改用大杯了。因为忘记了之前差点醉死的教训,最后还是因为酗酒而丢了性命。

碰碰简评:

《郁离子》说,在齐国做官的黔中,因贪贿丢官后对豢龙先生表示已吸取教训,请豢龙先生为他荐举。豢龙先生在拒绝时举了玄石酗酒例,本义是说人之“好贿”如“猫不能无食鱼,鸡不能无食虫,犬不能无食臭”一样,是“性之所耽,不能绝也。”在没有证据说明黔中已确实改过前,不再举荐是对的,但豢龙先生的依据无疑偏颇了。人是有思想、有意志的高等动物,完全可以成功地约束自己、改变自己。由古到今,像黔中这样无自制力的人确实大有人在,但能够成功戒酒、戒烟、戒毒、戒赌、戒贪的成功者也比比皆是。当然,极为不易。不过,一个人只要有坚强的毅力,改变自己的不良品性就是完全可能的。戊戌变法失败后不久,梁启超勉励处逆境同人不要灰心继续前进,特撰《论毅力》一文,其中一语直截了当,很为精彩,当为我辈终生记取,其语曰:“何以成?何以败?曰:有毅力者成,反是者败。”

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