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孔子是儒家的创始人,他有一套虽不周密而相当完整的政治见解和思想体系。孔子思想中最光辉的一点,是提倡“仁”,仁就是“爱人”。这反映了当时社会的现实,反映了由于奴隶制的渐趋瓦解而产生的当时庶人的抬头。孔子首先把文化知识普及到人民中间去,就是这种现实以及反映这种现实的人道精神的具体表现。《孔子的故事》中的孔子并不因为李长之在文献上的言必有据而显得古板无生气,恰恰相反,在他的笔下,两千五百余年前孔子栩栩如生的面影经常活跃在字里行间。

第一个为孔子完完整整立传的人是司马迁。>里着重描写了孔子中间几十年四处流亡的状态。在这段时间,好像每一处都容不下他,把他赶来赶去。有时候为了在一个地方谋个一官半职孔子好像也会做出一些可笑的让人觉得不对的事情。有时候,机会来了,他却又显得很迂腐。比如,他在卫国,卫灵公不待见他,卫灵公死后他的孙子继位,对孔子很感兴趣,这时孔子却嫌这位新国君以祭奠爸爸的礼仪祭拜他的爷爷,简直是名不正,言不顺。让人觉得他简直可笑,甚至迂腐,大半生都在流亡都在想当官,都显得很仓皇。这个人有什么了不起,他怎么会是圣人呢?那我们再看他老了以后。

《吕氏春秋》里有一段,讲孔子周游列国,曾因兵荒马乱,旅途困顿,三餐以野菜果腹,大家已七日没吃下一粒米饭。一天,颜回好不容易要到了一些白米煮饭,饭快煮熟时,孔子看到颜回掀起锅盖,抓些白饭往嘴里塞,孔子当时装作没看见,也不去责问。饭煮好后,颜回请孔子进食,孔子假装若有所思地说:“我刚才梦到祖先来找我,我想把干净还没人吃过的米饭,先拿来祭祖先吧!”颜回顿时慌张起来说:“不可以的,这锅饭我已先吃一口了,不可以祭祖先了。”

孔子问:为什么?颜回涨红脸,嗫嗫地说:“刚才在煮饭时,不小心掉了些染灰在锅里,染灰的白饭丢了太可惜,只好抓起来先吃了,我不是故意把饭吃了。”孔子听了,恍然大悟,对自己的观察错误,反而愧疚,抱歉地说:“我平常对颜回已最信任,但仍然还会怀疑他,可见我们内心是最难确定稳定的。弟子们大家记下这件事,要了解一个人,还真是不容易啊!”所谓知人难,相知相惜更难。逢事必从上下、左右、前后各个角度来认识辨知,我们主观的了解观察,只是真相的千分之一,单一角度判断,是不能达到全方位的观照的。

颜回是孔子第一爱徒,不幸的是去世太早。颜回死时,孔子哭得特别悲痛。颜回父亲叫颜路,也是孔子的学生。当颜路正为儿子丧葬费发愁时,看到孔子如此悲痛不已,心里就冒出个想法来。颜路跟孔子说,俺们老颜家穷的叮当响,看在你这爱徒的份上,求求你帮忙出点钱把颜回安葬了吧,可以把你的车子卖了,换来的钱就够了。颜路真是用尽心思,趁着孔子抹眼泪哭学生的时机,抛出借钱的事来,连钱从哪里来都想好了。不能说不借,不能说没有哦。

孔子擦干眼泪,郑重地跟颜路说:不管怎么样,我对颜回也像对待亲儿子一样。我儿子孔鲤死的也早,埋葬他的时候也是只有内棺没有外椁,现在让我卖了车子给颜回置办外椁恐怕不合适。再说,我好歹也是大夫,出门哪能步行没车子坐?那个年代,大夫坐车是身份的象征,不过可不是公款配备,需要自己购买自己保养。颜路无话可说,只好草草把颜回葬了。

孔子晚年时期的最高理想称之为“大同”,在大同的世界里,天下的人,不止以自己的家人为亲,不止以自己的父母儿女为爱,而是相互敬爱,爱天下所有的人。使老有所终,壮有所用,孩子们都能获得温暖与关怀,孤独的人与残疾者都有所依靠,男人各自有自己的事情,女人有满意的归宿。天下没有欺诈,没有盗贼,路不拾遗,夜不闭户,人人讲信修睦,选贤举能,大道之行也,天下为公。
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