(一)变质镁铁质火山岩产出地质概况和岩石元素地球化学特征

2025年03月24日 00:22
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陕西省丹凤县郭家沟变质镁铁质火山岩露头良好,是丹凤蛇绿岩研究经典地区,已有大量研究成果报道(张国伟等,1988a,b、1991、1993、2001;孙勇等,1988;薛峰等,1992;张旗等,1995)。

丹凤郭家沟一带地质概况如图3-2-1。变质镁铁质火山岩出露于上古生界刘岭群砂岩中,主要由变质镁铁质火山熔岩组成,间有少量变质辉长岩、辉绿岩,酸性火山岩和凝灰质火山岩层。部分地段见泥质岩石、硅质岩和碳酸岩薄层。张国伟等(1988 b)研究,沉积岩薄层为深海沉积物。岩石被后期花岗岩、闪长岩侵入。

变质镁铁质火山熔岩一般为块状,少数带状、片状、斑状,主要由普通角闪石和斜长石组成,含不等量蚀变矿物黑云母、石英、绿帘石、黝帘石等。角闪石柱状,定向分布。斜长石不规则粒状。具角闪石、斜长石斑晶。沟口有含石榴子石斜长角闪岩产出。条带状变质镁铁质火山岩角闪石集合体呈纺锤状,其间细粒角闪石、斜长石定向分布,角闪石波状消光明显。变辉绿岩常呈脉状,嵌入细粒深灰色块状变质镁铁质火山熔岩中。

样品Q8787、Q8788采自资峪南沟,其余样品采自郭家沟(图3-2-1)。郭家沟、南沟小溪冲刷面露头良好,岩石新鲜。样品主要为变质镁铁质火山熔岩,也有少量与变质镁铁质火山熔岩关系密切,为其原岩岩浆分异的变质中酸性火山岩。

部分样品主、微量元素组成分析结果列于表3-2-1。主元素SiO2,除样品Q8723为38.29%外,其余样品42.16%~71.17%,多数样品介于48.30%~50.84%,MgO13.96%~0.62%,变质镁铁质火山岩样品MgO含量5.11%~13.96%,平均值8.85%。Fe2O3+FeO含量1.58%~11.38%,变质镁铁质火山岩样品7.05%~11.38%。TiO2含量除 Q9444、Q9445两个样品外,其余变质火山岩样品都较低,由0.32%~0.62%。Q9444 和Q9445,TiO2含量大于1%,Q9444 TiO2含量1.21%,Q9445 1.16%。变质火山岩样品Al2O3含量变化范围宽,由6.11%~18.23%,CaO 8.35%~21.12%。岩石化学组成,总体上,显钙碱性特征,除几个高镁铁质岩石样品外,其余样品处于钙碱性或钙碱性与拉斑质玄武岩过渡区,并与岛弧玄武岩关系密切(图 3-2-2)。高镁铁质岩石样品,如样品 Q8721、Q8722、Q9446,SiO2含量 48.36%~50.13%,TiO20.32%~0.50%,MgO 含量大于11.07%,CaO/Al2O3>1,化学组成类似玄武质科马提岩或高镁玄武岩。变质火山岩样品,除样品Q9444、Q9445外,其余样品均具有轻稀土相对重稀土富集大致互相平行稀土分布模式(图3-2-3)。变质镁铁质火山岩样品La为球粒陨石的17.0~50.6倍,Yb为3.3~7.9倍,(La/Yb)2.5~6.5,弱正Eu异常,弱负Eu异常,或Eu异常不明显;具Ce负异常。变质中、酸性火山岩样品,除样品Q8720(La)N高达450.2外,其余样品La含量为球粒陨石的32.6~92.2倍,(Yb)N一般为3.6~12.9。样品Q8725(Yb)N值最低,接近1.1,(La/Yb)N值4.5~35.6;Eu异常不明显;Ce负异常也不明显。样品Q8720与众不同的稀土分布模式反映其不同的成因,由后面介绍的Sm、Nd含量和Nd同位素分析结果也可以看出它与其他变质火山岩样品不同:Sm、Nd 含量远远高于其他样品;在Sm-Nd等时图上远离其他样品等时线,并且具有小的Nd模式年龄(表3-2-2,图3-2-5)。样品Q9444和Q9445稀土分布模式十分类似,轻稀土相对重稀土略为富集,La为球粒陨石的18.8~21.0倍,(Yb)N为12.2~12.6,(La/Yb)N1.5~1.7,相对其他样品轻、重稀土分馏程度小。

图3-2-1 陕西省丹凤县郭家沟地区地质略图

(引自张国伟等,1988、2001)

1—

上古生界刘岭群;2—变质超镁铁质岩;3—基性岩;4—枕状玄武熔岩;5—岩墙群;6—熔岩夹板岩和深水碳酸岩;7—超基性岩;8—复理石层;9—泥质为主复理石层;10—辉长杂岩;11—辉长岩;12—片麻状长英质糜棱岩;13—糜棱岩化花岗岩;14—花岗岩;15—韧性断裂;16—脆性断层;17—断层;18—地质界线

表3-2-1 陕西省丹凤县郭家沟变质镁铁质火山岩及其原岩岩浆分异变质中、酸性火山岩主、微量元素组成(wB

续表

图3-2-2 陕西省丹凤县郭家沟变质镁铁质火山岩及其原岩岩浆分异变质中酸性火山岩样品AFM图

MORB—大洋中脊玄武岩平均值,引自Melson et al.,1976;IAB—岛弧玄武岩,引自Ewart,1976;BK—高镁铁质,化学组成类似玄武质科马提岩;TH—拉斑玄武岩系列;CA—钙碱性岩系列;FeO*为全铁氧化物(后同)

图3-2-3 陕西省丹凤县郭家沟变质镁铁质火山岩及其原岩岩浆分异变质中酸性火山岩样品稀土分布模式

A—变质镁铁质火山岩样品;B—变质中酸性火山岩样品

变质镁铁质火山熔岩样品MORB标准化微量元素分布模式如图3-2-4。明显可见,除样品Q9444、Q9445外,大多数样品低价大离子不相容微量元素比高场强大离子不相容微量元素富集,Nb、Ta相对Th、Ce严重亏损,Zr、Hf也形成明显负异常。分布模式和岛弧玄武岩分布模式十分类似。样品Q9444和Q9445高场强大离子不相容微量元素差不多完全相同,相互重叠,除Hf、Zr严重亏损外,其余微量元素含量近似N-MORB,岩石/N-MORB≈1。Nb、Ta 无明显负异常。样品 Q9445 低价大离子不相容微量元素 Sr、K、Rb含量也与N-MORB接近。

图3-2-4 陕西省丹凤县郭家沟变质镁铁质火山岩样品N-MORB标准化微量元素分布模式

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