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滚针轴承(needlebearing)是带圆柱滚子的滚子轴承,相对其直径,滚子既细又长。这种滚子称为滚针。尽管具有较小的截面,轴承仍具有较高的负荷承受能力,滚针轴承装有细而长的滚子(滚子直径D≤5mm,L/D≥2.5,L为滚子长度),因此径向结构紧凑,其内径尺寸和载荷能力与其它类型轴承相同时,外径最小,特别适用于径向安装尺寸受限制的支承结构。
除了型录所列,可用于一般工程的轴承,如:敞开式冲压外圈滚针轴承:(1)、封闭式冲压外圈滚针轴承;(2)、具内圈滚针轴承;(3)和不具内圈滚针轴承/无内圈无保持架滚针轴承;(4)、有保持架和无保持架装满滚针轴承;(5)SKF还可供应各种类型的滚针轴承,1、滚针保持架组件;2、无挡边滚针轴承;3、自调心;4、组合滚针/球轴承;5、组合滚针/推力球轴承;6、组合滚针/圆柱滚子推力轴承。
冲压外圈:
冲压外圈滚针轴承为具薄型冲压成型外圈的滚针轴承。其主要特点是截面高度很低而承受负荷能力较高。主要用于结构紧凑、价格便宜且轴承箱内孔不能作为滚针保持架组件滚道的轴承配置。轴承与轴承箱须以干涉配合方式安装。若可省去箱肩、止动圈等轴向定位功能,那么,轴承箱内孔可做得极简单及经济。装在轴端的冲压外圈滚针轴承有双侧敞开式和单侧封闭式。封闭冲压外圈的基端面可以承受不大的轴向引导力。冲压外圈滚针轴承一般不附内圈。在轴颈无法淬硬和研磨的场合,可以采用表中所列内圈。冲压外圈滚针轴承的淬硬钢板外圈与滚针保持架组件不可分离。储存润滑剂的自由空间可以延长补充润滑间隔期。
轴承一般采用单列设计。但较宽规格的轴承1522,1622,2030,2538和3038等系列除外,它们装有二个滚针保持架组件。轴承外圈有润滑油孔。根据用户需要,轴直径大于或等于7mm的所有单列冲压外圈滚针轴承都可配备带润滑油孔的外圈(代号后缀AS1)。具油封冲压外圈滚针轴承在由于空间限制无法安装油封之场合,可提供敞开端或封闭端具油封冲压外圈滚针轴承(3至5)。这类轴承装备聚氨酯或合成橡胶的摩擦式油封,其中充填具有良好防锈性能的锂基滑脂,适用运行温度-20至+100℃。具油封轴承的内圈比外圈宽1mm,这一点使轴承在机轴相对轴承箱有微量位移时也可保证油封工作良好而免致轴承受污染。轴承内圈也有润滑孔,可以根据轴承配置之需要,由外圈或内圈补充润滑。
实体套圈:
实体套圈滚针轴承是由一个或两个套圈以及带有保持架的滚针组组成。根据应用场合的不同,可分为带内圈或不带内圈的轴承。因此,实体套圈滚针轴承可以满足重量轻,占用空间小、传递功率大的要求。实体套圈滚针轴承具有较小的体积及较高的承载能力。结构型式外圈双挡边(或双锁圈)带保持架滚针轴承NA、NAV,NKI型可分别安装内圈和外圈(带锁圈、全套滚针和保持架),权限转速高,分单列和双列两种。如果轴不能用来作为滚道,即若将轴淬硬用研磨不可能或不经济时,则可采用此类带内圈的滚针轴承。
特点NA、NKI型轴承不带内圈即为RNA、NK型滚针轴承。此种轴承无内圈,适用于径向安装尺寸受限制的支承结构,与轴承相配的轴颈直接作为滚动面。作为滚道面的轴,必须淬硬件并进行研磨,而且只有将其加工到适当的尺寸和形状精度时,整套滚针轴承才能较高的寿命及运行精度。同时,由于无内圈,因此轴的直径也可作适当加大,从而也增加了刚性。
组合型:
组合滚针轴承是由向心滚针轴承和推力轴承部件组合的轴承单元,其结构紧凑体积小,旋转精度高,可在承受很高径向负荷的同时承受一定的轴向负荷。并且产品结构形式多样、适应性广、易于安装。组合滚针轴承广泛用于机床、冶金机械、纺织机械和印刷机械等各种机械设备,并可使机械系统设计的十分紧凑灵巧。
推力型:
推力轴承由带滚针或圆柱滚子或滚珠的推力保持架组件和推力垫圈组成。滚针和圆柱滚子受到推力保持架的保持和引导。在与不同系列的DF推力轴承垫圈一起使用时,则可为轴承的配置提供许多不同的组合。由于选用高精度圆柱滚子(滚针)增加了接触长度,使得此轴承在很小的空间下可获得高载荷能力和高的刚度。另一优点是,如果相邻零件表面适于作滚道面时可省去垫圈,可使设计紧凑,DF推力滚针轴承和推力圆柱滚子轴承采用的滚针和圆柱滚子的圆柱面为修形面,可减少边缘应力,提高使用寿命。
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