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李自成率农民起义军攻克北京后,一开始还好,军法严整,李自成下令,如果有烧杀抢掠者,杀无赦,但是,很快局面就乱了,根本控制不住。农民军哪见过京城的繁华?全都花了眼,红了眼,于是,开始四处抄家抢掠。

特别是李自成大将刘宗敏,不仅抢了吴三桂的爱妾陈圆圆,导致吴三桂降清,还用酷刑拷打明朝官员,让他们按照官职大小拿钱出来,不拿钱的,一律酷刑对待,火烧、火烤、砍手、砍脚,上夹棍夹手指,剜眼挖心,甚至动用凌迟酷刑,如此暴力政策,很多人因此惨死,残忍至极。
那么,刘宗敏都动用了哪些酷刑?虐死了哪些人呢?李自成为何不阻止刘宗敏这样大肆掠夺,胡作非为呢?
先说李自成发达之后的表现,崇祯十七年(1644年),李自成在西安称王,建国号为“大顺”,改元永昌,也开始像模像样地追尊祖先,然后开始大肆封赏功臣,设五等爵位,李自成封刘宗敏为侯,加上刘宗敏多次立下战功,因此,刘宗敏位高权重,因功高开始胡作非为。

《明史》记载:十七年正月庚寅朔,自成称王于西安,僭国号曰大顺,改元永昌,改名自晟。追尊其曾祖以下,加谥号,以李继迁为太祖。设天佑殿大学士,以牛金星为之。增置六政府尚书,设弘文馆、文谕院、谏议、直指使、从政、统会、尚契司、验马寺、知政使、书写房等官。以乾州宋企郊为吏政尚书、平湖陆之祺为户政尚书、真宁巩焴为礼政尚书、归安张嶙然为兵政尚书。复五等爵,大封功臣,侯刘宗敏以下九人。
等农民军进入北京后,局面一开始,李自成还可以控制,严明军纪,不让将士们乱来,后来就乱了。
明朝文武官员八百多人,被送到刘宗敏的大营里,这下,等于进了地狱了,刘宗敏残暴、凶狠、杀人如麻,不择手段,什么手段残酷,就用什么。
刘宗敏为了向明朝官员索钱,制作了五千具夹棍,木皆有棱,夹人骨头碎裂。规定交钱数额,内阁十万,京卿、锦衣七万或五万、三万,御史、吏部、翰林五万、三万、一万,部属以下数千,拿不出钱的,一律酷刑伺候。

《明史》记载:召见朝官,自成南响坐,金星、宗敏、企郊等左右杂坐,以次呼名,分三等授职。自四品以下少詹事梁绍阳、杨观光等无不污伪命,三品以上独用故侍郎侯恂。其余勋戚、文武诸臣奎、纯臣、演、藻德等共八百余人,送宗敏等营中,拷掠责赇赂,至灼肉折胫,备诸惨毒。藻德遇马世奇家人,泣曰:“吾不能为若主,今求死不得。”贼又编排甲,令五家养一贼,大纵淫掠,民不胜毒,缢死相望。征诸勋戚大臣金,金足辄杀之。
农民军在北京城里将百姓登记在册,下令五家人供养一名士兵,并在城里大肆抢掠,残害百姓,百姓饱受其苦,民不聊生,很多人被逼迫的活不下去,甚至纷纷上吊而死。
据说,李自成也曾阻止刘宗敏,说,你们为什么不帮我做个好皇帝?但刘宗敏顶撞李自成说,皇帝归你来当,但拷掠的事,归我来做,别废话。那意思是,你干你的,凭什么都是你说了算?
其中,有一个叫魏藻德的礼部侍郎,因为拿不出规定的钱来,只交了几万两银子,刘宗敏不满意,下令将其十个手指全部夹断,后来,魏藻德受酷刑五日五夜,被夹的脑浆迸裂,死于狱中,其状甚惨,惨绝人寰。不仅如此,刘宗敏继续向魏藻德的儿子索钱,其子说,如果父亲在,还可以找门生等人想办法筹钱,现在父亲死了,实在没办法弄到钱,刘宗敏大怒,立即挥刀将魏藻德的儿子杀死。

《明史》记载:藻德、岳贡、瑜并被执,幽刘宗敏所。贼下令勒内阁十万金,京卿、锦衣七万,或五三万,给事、御史、吏部、翰林五万至一万有差,部曹数千,勋戚无定数。藻德输万金,贼以为少,酷刑五日夜,脑裂而死。复逮其子追征,诉言:“家已罄尽。父在,犹可丐诸门生故旧。今已死,复何所贷?”贼挥刃斩之。
李自成作为闯王,作为皇帝,居然对刘宗敏等人毫无办法,任其胡作非为,也加快了他们的败亡。
目光短浅、狭窄,是他们的致命弱点,缺少一个长远、明确的政治目标和一套正确的实施策略,不能高瞻远瞩,还放任部下乱来,能成大事吗?
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