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1. 颜氏家训 选读
自古明王圣帝,犹须勤学,况凡庶乎!【语译】:自古以来,圣明的帝王,尚且必须努力学习,更何况是平凡的众人呢!
夫所以读书学问,本欲开心明目,利於行耳。未知养亲者,欲其观古人之先意承颜,怡声下气,不惮劬劳,以致甘 ,惕然 据,起而行之也;未知事君者,欲其观古人之守职无侵,见危授命,不忘诚谏,以利社稷,恻然自念,思欲效之也。【语译】: 谈到所以要读书求学这件事,本来就是要人能开启心智,明察事理,便利於一切行为的。不知奉养父母的人,要是看了古人的那种揣摩父母的心意,恭顺奉承,以博得欢颜,并能用和悦的声气,不怕劳苦,来供养甘食美味的情景,也就会油然感到惭愧惊惧,立刻起来实行了;不知事奉国君的人,要是看了古人的那种严守职分、丝毫无侵,当面临国家有危难时不惜牺牲自己的生命,又能时刻不忘竭诚进谏忠言,以利於社会国家的情景,也就会感到悲痛而自我思念,不知不觉地要效法他了;夫学者所以求益耳。
见人读数十卷书,便自高大,凌忽长者,轻慢同列;人疾之如雠敌,恶之如鸱枭,如此以学自损,不如无学也。【语译】: 说到学习这件事,本来是用以求取知识的。常见世人才读数十卷书,便高傲自大起来,凌犯忽略尊长,对同辈轻视傲慢;以至一般人对他的疾恨,就像仇敌,厌恶的有如鸱枭。像这样用求知来自我贬损,还不如不学的好。
古之学者为己,以补不足也;今之学者为人,但能说之也,古之学者为人,行道以利世也;今之学者为己,修身以求进也。夫学者犹种树也,春玩其华,秋登其实;讲论文章,春华也,修身利行,秋实也。【语译】: 古时候的人求学,是为了充实自己的学问、道德,来弥补这方面的不足;现代的人求学,对所讲习的学问、道德,不能躬行实践,只能空口说说,来求知於人。古时候的人求学,是为了行道来为社会上广大人群谋福利;现代的人求学,是为了自身的进修借以求取高官厚禄。说到求学这件事,就好比种树一样,在春天赏玩它的花朵,在秋天收获它的果食;当讲解讨论文章的时候,有如在欣赏春天的花朵,当身修以后,行为能为广大人群谋取福利的时候,也就有如秋天收获果实了。
人生小幼,精神专利,长成己后,思虑散逸,固须早教,勿失机也。【语译】: 人在幼小的时候,精神最利於专一集中,长大成年以后,思虑就容易分散难以聚会,所以要尽早的加以教导,不可失去良好的时机。
学之兴废,随世轻重,末俗已来不复尔,空守章句,但诵师言,施之世务,殆无一可。故士大夫子弟,皆以博涉为贵,不肯专儒。【语译】: 学术的兴盛或颓废,是随著时代的看轻和看重所致。末世以来,就不再如此了,空守著章句,只是诵习老师的言论,如将所学施用在世务上,没有一个地方能排上用场。所以士大夫的子弟们,都以广博的涉猎为可贵,不愿意仅跟著儒生学习经义。
《书》曰:「好问则裕。」《礼》云:「独学而无友,则孤陋而寡闻。」盖须切磋相起明也。见有闭门读书,师心自是,稠人广坐,谬误差失者多矣。【语译】: 《尚书》说:「喜好向人请教,因有所得,故能充足。」《礼记.学记篇》说:「独自学习,不和志同道合的朋友研讨,便会学识浅薄,见闻不广。」老实说,读书求学问,必须互相切磋研讨,才能彻底的明通。曾见有人只知闭门读书,自以为是,当大家聚集在一起谈论的时候,言谈之间的谬误差失,可就多了。
夫学者贵能博闻也。【语译】:读书人最重视的就是要能广博地吸取知识。撷自颜氏家训勉学篇作者:北齐颜之推
http://ftp.shsh.tnc.edu.tw/~chinese/teacher'paper/lian-chyy.htm
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